Evaluation of Haemophilus influenzaetype b carrier status among children 10 years after the introduction of Hib vaccine in Brazil

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation among healthy children where Hib vaccination using a 3p+0 dosing schedule has been routinely administered for 10 years with sustained coverage (> 90%). NP swabs were collected from 2,558 children who had received the Hib vaccine, of whom 1,379 were 12-< 24 months (m) old and 1,179 were 48-< 60 m old. Hi strains were identified by molecular methods. Hi carriage prevalence was 45.1% (1,153/2,558) and the prevalence in the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups were 37.5% (517/1,379) and 53.9% (636/1,179), respectively. Hib was identified in 0.6% (16/2,558) of all children in the study, being 0.8% (11/1,379) and 0.4% (5/1,179) among the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups, respectively. The nonencapsulate Hi colonisation was 43% (n = 1,099) and was significantly more frequent at 48-< 60 m of age (51.6%, n = 608) compared with that at 12-< 24 m of age (35.6%, n = 491). The overall resistance rates to ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 16.5% and 3.7%, respectively; the co-resistance was detected in 2.6%. Our findings showed that the Hib carrier rate in healthy children under five years was very low after 10 years of the introduction of the Hib vaccine.

Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical factors for successful eradication

“…This suggests a complex and yet to be fully elucidated impact of carriage on the Hib epidemiology in the overall population. While Hib carriage continues to remain low in age groups targeted for vaccination [72,87,88], sporadic cases of Hib still occur, underlying the importance of sustained high vaccination coverage across all ages.…”

Impactos da influenza na população brasileira: Infecções respiratórias e letalidade / Impacts of influence on the brazilian population: Respiratory infections and lethality

“…Figura 3 -gráfico de distribuição da quantidade de artigos pesquisados de acordo com a abordagem temática Influencia onde há prevalência de políticas públicas e população/sociedade, seguida das H1N1 nas Américas, artigos Históricos e sobre conscientização. As 13 publicações que versaram sobre as políticas públicas e populações/sociedade destacaram os objetivos que visavam conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes (Bredetchuk, et al, 2019;Rodrigues et al, 2019;Santana et al, 2016), a imunização por cobertura vacinal de grupos/populações de risco, bem como garantido pela Constituição Brasileira de 1988 os direitos à saúde assistida pelo estado à todo cidadão brasileiro (Siewert, et al, 2019;Bacurau e Francisco, 2018;Russo e Lehfeld, 2016;Gontijo et al, 2017;Santos-Júnior et al, 2017;Silva e Santos, 2017) Influenza, 2020;Nogales, 2019, Sotomayor et al/2019Abate et al, 2017;Galeano et al, 2017;García-Corzo et al, 2016;Zanella et al, 2015).…”

“…Para os artigos com tema H1N1 nas Américas, a metodologia utilizada foi de cunho descritivo que exibiu os dados coletados em pesquisas que cruzaram dados recentes e significativos em gráficos que indicaram a ocorrência da Influenza em vários lugares das Américas e denotaram o acompanhamento ano a ano das feições epidemiológicas que afetaram as populações dessas regiões (PHE/IHM/Equipo de Influenza, 2020;Nogales, 2019, Sotomayor et al/2019Abate et al, 2017;Galeano et al, 2017;García-Corzo et al, 2016;Zanella et al, 2015).…”

Combined effect of PCV10 and meningococcal C conjugate vaccination on meningitis mortality among children under five years of age in Brazil

“…Since then, Hib meningitis has become a relatively rare disease, 11,12 and Hib carriage rates are low in healthy children under five years of age. 13,14 An analysis of the mandatory meningitis notification data of the 2000-2010 period showed that out of the total number of bacterial meningitis (excluding tuberculosis), 31.7% were due to Neisseria meningitidis , 12 % to Streptococcus pneumoniae , 2% to Hib type b, 4.3% to other bacteria and 50% had no bacteria specified. 15 …”