Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters

Gravinatti, Mara Lúcia; Barbosa, Célia Marisa Rizzatti; Soares, Rodrigo Martins; Gregori, Fábio

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0486-2019

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…We only conducted a mini-review (at the beginning of the systematic review) to understand rodent-related zoonotic pathogens in general. In there, we emphasized only the descriptive articles [ 3 , 5 , 6 ] and 35 additional reports to list rodent-borne zoonotic diseases [ 123 , 124 , 127 , 128 , 133 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 ]. Therefore, there is a chance we missed pathogens that were not described by these studied articles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Islam

Farag

Mahmoudi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Rodents are one of the most diversified terrestrial mammals, and they perform several beneficial activities in nature. These animals are also important as carriers of many pathogens with public health importance. The current systematic review was conducted to formulate a true depiction of rodent-related zoonoses in Qatar. Following systematic searches on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science and a screening process, a total of 94 published articles were selected and studied. The studied articles reported 23 rodent-related zoonotic pathogens that include nine bacterial, eleven parasitic, and three viral pathogens, from which the frequently reported pathogens were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (32 reports), Escherichia coli (23), and Salmonella spp. (16). The possible pathway of entry of the rodent-borne pathogens can be the land port, seaports, and airport of Qatar through carrier humans and animals, contaminated food, and agricultural products. The pathogens can be conserved internally by rodents, pets, and livestock; by agricultural production systems; and by food marketing chains. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of the pathogens among the human population was 4.27% (95%CI: 4.03–4.51%; p < 0.001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.50%). The top three highest prevalent pathogens were M.tuberculosis (30.90%; 22.75–39.04%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.70%) followed by Toxoplasma gondii (21.93%; 6.23–37.61%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.30%) and hepatitis E virus (18.29%; 11.72–24.86%; p < 0.001; I2 = 96.70%). However, there is a knowledge gap about the listed pathogens regarding the occurrence, transmission pathways, and rodent role in transmission dynamics at the human–animal–environment interface in Qatar. Further studies are required to explore the role of rodents in spreading zoonotic pathogens through the One Health framework, consisting of zoologists, ecologists, microbiologists, entomologists, veterinarians, and public health experts in this country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Islam

Farag

Mahmoudi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Additionally, CoVs have been reported to infect several species of domestic and wild animals either clinically or subclinically [ 27 , 28 , 30 , 141 ]. Cattle, horses, camels, swine, dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, rodents, ferrets, mink, bats, snakes, frogs, marmots, hedgehogs, Malayan pangolin along with other wild animals may serve as a reservoir host of coronavirus [ 9 , 27 , 44 , 124 , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , [147] ]. In the context of SARS-CoV-2, snakes, pangolins and bats have been suspected as intermediate hosts since the first cases of COVID-19 had links to Huanan Sea Food Market where different animals, birds, and wild animals were being sold along with seafood items [ 27 , 28 , 43 , 109 , 147 , 148 ].…”

Section: Virus Jumping the Species Barrier Zoonotic Spillover Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: Zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus

Dhama

Patel

Sharun

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

183

124

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2) of the family Coronaviridae , appeared in China in December 2019. This disease was declared as posing Public Health International Emergency by World Health Organization on January 30, 2020, attained the status of a very high-risk category on February 29, and now having a pandemic status (March 11). COVID-19 has presently spread to more than 215 countries/territories while killing nearly 0.75 million humans out of cumulative confirmed infected asymptomatic or symptomatic cases accounting to almost 20.5 million as of August 12, 2020, within a short period of just a few months. Researchers worldwide are pacing with high efforts to counter the spread of this virus and to design effective vaccines and therapeutics/drugs. Few of the studies have shown the potential of the animal-human interface and zoonotic links in the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Exploring the possible zoonosis and revealing the factors responsible for its initial transmission from animals to humans will pave ways to design and implement effective preventive and control strategies to counter the COVID-19. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARS- and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease.

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“…A few earlier studies have successfully looked into tolerance by estimating fitness traits such as body mass, standing pathogen load, lifespan and number of offspring produced per year in rodent populations (Jackson et al, 2014;Rohfritsch et al, 2018;Schneider, 2011) which can be replicated in future as well. In fact, rodents can be used as model species as they are one of the largest disease reservoirs (Gravinatti et al, 2020), ubiquitously found in all ecosystem; and the immune system of several highly abundant rodent species such as Rattus rattus or Mus musculus are well-characterized (Abolins et al, 2017;Viney et al, 2015). Future studies can design assays for fitness proxies and disease tolerance in various ecosystems based on previous rodent experiments, where both cross-sectional destructive sampling to obtain precise measurements as well as longitudinal sampling using the capture-recapture method were implemented to provide stronger causal inferences (Jackson et al, 2014).…”

Section: An Integrated Immune-centric Experimental Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of pathogen tolerance and emerging infections: A missing experimental paradigm

Seal¹,

Dharmarajan²,

Khan³

2021

Preprint

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Researchers worldwide are repeatedly warning us against future zoonotic diseases resulting from mankind’s insurgence into natural ecosystems. The same zoonotic pathogens that cause severe infections in a human host fail to produce any disease outcome in their natural hosts. What precise features of the immune system enable natural reservoirs to carry these pathogens so efficiently? To understand these effects, we analyse the evolutionary basis of pathogen tolerance in reservoir hosts, while drawing implications from their diverse physiological and life-history traits, and ecological contexts of host-pathogen interactions. Long-term co-evolution might allow reservoir hosts to modulate immunity and evolve tolerance to zoonotic pathogens, increasing their circulation and infectious period. Such processes can also create a genetically diverse pathogen pool by allowing more mutations and genetic exchanges between circulating strains, thereby harbouring rare alive-on-arrival variants with extended infectivity to new hosts (i.e., spillover). Finally, we end by underscoring the indispensability of a large multi-disciplinary empirical framework to explore the proposed link between evolved tolerance, pathogen prevalence and spillover in the wild.

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Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters

Cited by 18 publications

References 176 publications

Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: Zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus

Evolution of pathogen tolerance and emerging infections: A missing experimental paradigm

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