War economy and the COVID-19 pandemic: Inequalities in stimulus packages as an additional challenge for health systems

Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0245-2020

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The lower incidence in those most vulnerable municipalities may express underreporting of the disease due to the low testing of the population. Thus, assessing the real incidence of COVID-19 in the poorest regions of the country is an even greater challenge, as people lack access to diagnosis and, consequently, appropriate treatment [16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Brazil: spatial risk, social vulnerability, human development, clinical manifestations and predictors of mortality – a retrospective study with data from 59 695 individuals

et al. 2021

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Brazil ranks second in the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide. In spite of this, coping measures differ throughout the national territory, as does the disease's impact on the population. This cross-sectional observational study, with 59 695 cases of COVID-19 registered in the state of Alagoas between March and August 2020, analysed clinical-epidemiological variables, incidence rate, mortality rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and the social indicators municipal human development index (MHDI) and social vulnerability index (SVI). Moran statistics and regression models were applied. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the predictors of death. The incidence rate was 1788.7/100 000 inhabitants; mortality rate was 48.0/100 000 and CFR was 2.7%. The highest incidence rates were observed in municipalities with better human development (overall MHDI (I = 0.1668; p = 0.002), education MHDI (I = 0.1649; p = 0.002) and income MHDI (I = 0.1880; p = 0.005)) and higher social vulnerability (overall SVI (I = 0.0599; p = 0.033)). CFR was associated with higher social vulnerability (SVI human capital (I = 0.0858; p = 0.004) and SVI urban infrastructure (I = 0.0985; p = 0.040)). Of the analysed cases, 55.4% were female; 2/3 were Black or Brown and the median age was 41 years. Among deaths, most were male (919; 57.4%) and elderly (1171; 73.1%). The predictors of death were male sex, advanced age and the presence of comorbidities. In Alagoas, Brazil, the disease has undergone a process of interiorisation and caused more deaths in poorer municipalities. The presence of comorbidities and advanced age were predictors of death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Brazil: spatial risk, social vulnerability, human development, clinical manifestations and predictors of mortality – a retrospective study with data from 59 695 individuals

et al. 2021

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“…A região nordeste manteve um escore P negativo em todo os meses do ano. Na região sudeste, o escore P tornou-se positivo em agosto (1,5), setembro (0,4), e novembro (10,7) e, no sul, o escore tornouse positivo em agosto (1,2) e setembro (4,7). Na região centrooeste, observou-se um padrão peculiar, em que o escore tornou-se negativo somente em abril (-3,7) (Figuras 2 A-E).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Em janeiro de 2020, foram observados escores P negativos para taxa de mortalidade hospitalar em nível nacional (-0,1), e nas regiões sudeste (-2,9) e sul (-2,5). Por outro lado, a região centro-oeste apresentou um escore P mais elevado (12,7). Para todos os meses subsequentes (fevereiro a dezembro), houve excesso de mortalidade em todas as cinco macrorregiões do Brasil.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…6 Além disso, desde o início da pandemia, o país vem enfrentando uma crise política e econômica, o que tem dificultado ainda mais o controle da doença. 7,8 A COVID-19 pode ser assintomática, ou manifestar um amplo espectro de sintomas, incluindo febre, dispneia, tosse, mialgia, anosmia e dor torácica. 6 Ainda, os pacientes podem apresentar sintomas cardiovasculares, causados ou por um comprometimento cardíaco indireto (por inflamação sistêmica, trombogênese, e aumento na demanda metabólica associada a uma baixa reserva cardíaca), ou por ação direta do patógeno no tecido cardíaco.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Excesso de Mortalidade Hospitalar por Doenças Cardiovasculares no Brasil Durante o Primeiro Ano da Pandemia de COVID-19

Armstrong¹,

Santos²,

Leal³

et al. 2022

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Resumo Fundamento: A pandemia da COVID-19 tem causado um impacto sobre a mortalidade por várias doenças em todo o mundo, especialmente por doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). O Brasil é um país de dimensões continentais com diferenças significativas na estrutura de saúde entre seus estados. Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade hospitalar por DCV no sistema público de saúde durante o primeiro ano da pandemia por COVID-19 (2020) no Brasil. Métodos: Este é um estudo ecológico analisando o número absoluto de mortes hospitalares e a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar no Brasil, suas macrorregiões, e unidades federativas. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do Ministério da Saúde. O P-escore foi usado para analisar o excesso de mortalidade. O escore compara os eventos observados com os eventos esperados para um dado local e período. O escore-P foi corrigido por um modelo de regressão joinpoint, com um intervalo de confiança de 95% e nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve 93.104 óbitos hospitalares por DCV no Brasil em 2020, o que representa 1495 menos óbitos (escore-P: -1,58) que o esperado. A região centro-oeste apresentou um escore-P positivo, com um aumento de 15,1% no número de mortes. Dez estados apresentaram um maior número de óbitos em 2020. Ainda, observou-se um excesso de 13,3% de mortalidade hospitalar no país como um todo, e um excesso de mortalidade hospitalar em todas as macrorregiões. Conclusões: Houve uma diminuição no número absoluto de óbitos hospitalares, bem como um aumento na taxa de mortalidade por DCV no Brasil em 2020, após o início da pandemia por COVID-19.

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“…Anecdotal estimation of productivity ranged from (initially) 50% impact to (later) <15% impact for unclassified work, and 15%-30% continued impact to the classified work. While no one has published information about actual defense-industry productivity impact, and certainly no estimates have been made for impact to the classified work, recent productivity projections published in 2020 [13], [14], [15] reflect similar statistics for commercial work. These various researchers have developed varied model-based impact to employee satisfaction due to disruption and productivity impact due to prolonged absence from the site.…”

Section: Challenges and Adjustments To Decision Making Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making Dynamics in the Defense Industry During Work From Home Circumstances

Dixit

Chinnam

Singh

2020

IEEE Eng. Manag. Rev.

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This article looks at the challenges and changes in the US Defense Industry's Project Management decision-making processes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Many industries implemented work from home (WFH) policies for all employees. For the defense industry, this became particularly challenging. The industry is an "essential" function, and there was genuine concern for employee and community safety. Two streams are presented: (i) what decision-making changes were made across operational, tactical, and strategic circumstances, and (ii) how that affected the productivity and employee satisfaction. Using observational data, we examine what are the manifestation, consequence, and mitigation, through engineering employee and managerial level adjustments, in project and portfolio management business decision-making during this WFH period. We also present data from a qualitative survey related to how this affected productivity and employee sentiment. The findings show that the defense industry was unprepared for such an event. Productivity issues in operational decision-making, required line-management decision makers to be on-site. The lack of adequate team-sharing tools, especially for classified content, adversely affected productivity associated with tactical decision-making. Strategic decisionmaking was hampered by the industry's cultural preference for face-to-face meetings. Furthermore, we found that, as the WFH continued, employees showed a greater preference for continuing to work off-site. The article summarizes observed mitigation strategies to maintain productivity levels.

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War economy and the COVID-19 pandemic: Inequalities in stimulus packages as an additional challenge for health systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

COVID-19 in Brazil: spatial risk, social vulnerability, human development, clinical manifestations and predictors of mortality – a retrospective study with data from 59 695 individuals

COVID-19 in Brazil: spatial risk, social vulnerability, human development, clinical manifestations and predictors of mortality – a retrospective study with data from 59 695 individuals

Excesso de Mortalidade Hospitalar por Doenças Cardiovasculares no Brasil Durante o Primeiro Ano da Pandemia de COVID-19

Decision-Making Dynamics in the Defense Industry During Work From Home Circumstances

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