Reemerging diseases in Brazil: sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of syphilis and its under-reporting

Garbín, Artênio José Ísper; Martins, Ronald Jefferson; Belila, Naiana de Melo; Exaltação, Sandra Margareth; Garbín, Cléa Adas Saliba

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0226-2018

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…No Brasil, estudos regionais revelam relação entre a sífilis congênita e a baixa escolaridade da mãe 36,37,38,39 , não inserção no mercado de trabalho formal, uso de drogas ilícitas, estratos sociais mais desfavorecidos 40,41 , raça/cor parda ou negra 42,43 e a idade inferior a 30 anos 28,42,43 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Relação entre oferta de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na atenção básica sobre a incidência de sífilis gestacional e congênita

Figueiredo

Souza

et al. 2020

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Resumo: O Brasil tem registrado aumento nas incidências de sífilis gestacional e congênita, revelando-se como um importante problema de saúde pública no país. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as ofertas de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na atenção básica e as incidências de sífilis gestacional e congênita. Foi realizado estudo ecológico analisando as incidências desses agravos e a cobertura de ações diagnósticas e terapêuticas na atenção básica. A amostra do estudo foi composta por municípios com população acima de 20.000 habitantes, com cobertura da atenção básica superior a 50% e nos quais a maioria das equipes foi avaliada no segundo ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica. Para analisar a efetividade das ações de detecção e tratamento foi desenvolvido o Índice de Variação da Transmissão Vertical de Sífilis. A administração da penicilina e a realização de teste rápido nesses municípios obtiveram medianas iguais a 41,9% e 67,14%, respectivamente, com diferenças regionais. A mediana da incidência de sífilis gestacional foi 6,24 (IIQ: 2,63-10,99) em municípios com maior oferta de teste rápido, e de 3,82 (IIQ: 0,00-8,21) naqueles com oferta inferior, apontando aumento na capacidade de detecção. Municípios com redução da transmissão vertical apresentavam maiores medianas dos percentuais de equipes com oferta dos testes rápidos (83,33%; IIQ: 50,00-100,00) e realização de penicilina (50,00%; IIQ: 11,10-87,50), demonstrando relação entre estas ações e a redução de sífilis congênita. Os achados indicam a necessidade de ampliação dessas ofertas e reforça a importância na redução da transmissão vertical.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Relação entre oferta de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na atenção básica sobre a incidência de sífilis gestacional e congênita

Figueiredo

Souza

et al. 2020

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…Other data have also shown that the noti cation rate of congenital syphilis tends to be signi cantly higher in black or 'mixed-race' children. In fact, several studies have linked cases of CS with family history, including the racial classi cation of children's parents, with high numbers of pregnant women self-identifying as 'mixed-race' or black [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, most cases of CS were diagnosed less than seven days after birth, and most mothers reported receiving prenatal care. It has been reported that CS diagnosis usually occurs within seven days after birth (typically between the 1 st and 2 nd day of life) [23,25]. In addition to prematurity, newborns usually present classic signs and symptoms of infection soon after birth, including low birth weight, anemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, visceromegaly, congenital malformations, serosanguinous discharge and rhinitis, skin lesions, heart disease and/or hearing loss [23,26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Space and Time Distribution of Syphilis in Brazil: Cases of Acquired Syphilis From 2010-2018 and Congenital and Syphilis in Pregnant Women From 2001-2017

Silva¹,

Leony²,

Souza

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. In Brazil, the notification of acquired syphilis (AS), congenital syphilis (CS) and syphilis in pregnant women (SiP) is compulsory. Notification data provided by the Ministry of Health (MoH) in combination with the mapping of vulnerable geographic areas is essential to forecasting possible outbreaks and more effectively combating infection through monitoring. We aim evaluated the space and time distribution of reported cases of CS and SiP in Brazil (2001 to 2017), as well as an estimation of cases of AS (2010 to 2018). Methods. A retrospective ecological study was carried out using secondary surveillance data obtained from the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database, considering all reported cases of CS and SiP between 2002 to 2017, as well as MoH epidemiological bulletin data regarding cases of AS between 2010 to 2018. Epidemiological characteristics and time trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression models and spatial distribution (three-year moving averages), considering microregions or states/macroregions as units of analysis. Results. A total of 188,630 (5.4/100,000) CS, 235,895 SiP (6.3/100,000) and 479,731 cases of AS (27.4/100,000) were reported during the periods studied. The epidemiological profile of Brazil indicates most reported CS cases occurred among ‘mixed-race’ newborns who were diagnosed within seven days after birth and whose mothers had received prenatal care. Regarding SiP, most cases were among women who self-reported ‘mixed-race’, were aged 20-39 years, had up to eight years of formal education and were diagnosed with primary or latent syphilis. Overall, rates of AS rose around 400% from 2010 to 2018. Nearly all microregions reported at least one case of CS and SiP. From 2012 to 2016, CS cases increased significantly in almost all Brazilian states, most notably in the South, Southeast, and Central-West macroregions, from 2001-2018 and the relative risk of SiP increased around 4,000%. Conclusions. Considering the epidemiological scenario of the infection in Brazil, it is necessary to enhance preventive, control and eradication measures.

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“…These indexes may be associated with low maternal schooling, the use of alcohol and/or drugs, multiple sexual partners and difficulty to access and have accessibility to primary care in prenatal care. 12 In addition to these factors, from 2010 syphilis is an obligatory notable disease, in which may have caused an increase in the number of reported cases. 13 Note that the lack of monitoring pregnant women who were positive for syphilis, flaws in their medical records and/or prenatal cards also contribute to the permanency of syphilis in this population.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening on prenatal infections in the South and Southwest macro-regions in the State of Bahia, Brazil: detected on paper filter

Pedro¹,

Silva

Rebouças

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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Objectives: to estimate the detection rate on prenatal screening pathologies on paper filter in the South and Southwest in the State of Bahia, as well as to delineate the epidemiological profile of these pregnant women, calculate and estimate the rate of adherence and the coverage of the Program. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out from August 2013 to August 2015, and the data were obtained from the Labimuno/ICS/UFBA. Results: 64,743 pregnant women were included; the mean ages were 25 years for the Southwest macro-region and 23 for the South. The results on the screening tests showed positivity of 0.13% and 0.29% for HBsAg, 0.17% and 0.22% for cytomegalovirus, 0.07% and 0.09% for HCV, 0.13% and 0.38% for HTLV, 0.04% and 0.19% for HIV, 1.2% and 2.84% for syphilis, and 0.54% and 0.73% for toxoplasmosis in the Southwest and South macro-regions, respectively. The estimates on coverage were considered satisfactory. Sickle cell anemia showed positivity of 0.02% and of 0.04% and 5% and 6.3% presented sickle cell trait in the Southwest and South macro-regions, respectively. Conclusions: the frequencies of infections in maternal-fetal health were considered low, highlighting on syphilis and the presence for sickle cell trait.

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Reemerging diseases in Brazil: sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of syphilis and its under-reporting

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Relação entre oferta de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na atenção básica sobre a incidência de sífilis gestacional e congênita

Relação entre oferta de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na atenção básica sobre a incidência de sífilis gestacional e congênita

Analysis of the Space and Time Distribution of Syphilis in Brazil: Cases of Acquired Syphilis From 2010-2018 and Congenital and Syphilis in Pregnant Women From 2001-2017

Screening on prenatal infections in the South and Southwest macro-regions in the State of Bahia, Brazil: detected on paper filter

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