The first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Campinas, State of São Paulo Southeastern Brazil

Zuben, Andrea Paula Bruno von; Angerami, Rodrigo Nogueira; Castagna, C.; Baldini, Marisa Bevilacqua Denardi; Donalísio, Maria Rita

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0126-2013

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Bauru foi selecionado por ser o município com o maior número de casos humanos do Estado de São Paulo 7,9 . Goiânia (Goiás) e Campinas (São Paulo) foram elencados por terem semelhança no número de habitantes e apresentarem somente transmissão canina 10,11 .…”

Section: Métodounclassified

“…As propostas existentes no PVCLV buscam contribuir com as secretarias municipais de saúde na organização e execução das atividades de prevenção e controle de LV 11 , com autonomia do âmbito local para a tomada de decisões mais adequadas à realidade da região. Por isso, o questionário buscou entender essa relativa independência.…”

Section: Diferenças Entre Diretrizes Federais E Realidades Municipaisunclassified

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Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros

Zuben

Donalísio

2016

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Resumo: A expansão das áreas de transmissão de leishmaniose visceral (LV) traz questionamentos sobre as estratégias de controle empregadas no Brasil. As diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral (PVCLV) estão centradas na diminuição da morbidade e letalidade, controle do reservatório e dos vetores e na educação em saúde. Este artigo buscou avaliar as dificuldades na execução das ações preconizadas pelo PVCLC, segundo os seus coordenadores em municípios brasileiros de grande porte com transmissão canina e/ou humana (Campinas, Bauru, Goiânia, Campo Grande, Fortaleza e Belo Horizonte). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo os principais problemas identificados: descontinuidade das atividades de controle, resistência dos proprietários de cães com indicação de eutanásia e baixa cobertura do controle químico. Como conclusão, as entrevistas mostraram que inúmeros fatores impedem o cumprimento das atividades propostas pelo PVCLC, ficando clara a necessidade de reavaliação da política brasileira de controle de LV.

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Section: Métodounclassified

Section: Diferenças Entre Diretrizes Federais E Realidades Municipaisunclassified

Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros

Zuben

Donalísio

2016

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…This disease has spread to several areas previously considered non-endemic, for example the cases reported in Rio de Janeiro State 36 and CVL outbreaks in the countryside of São Paulo State 37 . These facts justify performing surveillance surveys to prevent the spread of the disease to other animals and humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION OF MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

Nunes

Laurenti

Kanamura

et al. 2016

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYVisceral leishmaniasis is a systemic and chronic disease and dogs are the main reservoir of the etiologic agent, Leishmania infantum (syn L. chagasi). A serological and molecular investigation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was performed in the municipality of Alfenas, located in the southern region of Minas Gerais, where the disease is not endemic. Samples from 87 dogs were submitted to serological tests including the Dual Path Platform (DPP(r) ) CVL Bio-Manguinhos rapid test, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), as well as molecular techniques such as a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the RV1/RV2 primers and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) with the LinJ31, Ldon and DNApol primers. Of the 87 serum samples, eight (9.2%) were positive for Leishmania using the DPP rapid test, but only four (4.6%) were confirmed by ELISA and two (2.3%) by IFAT. In these two serologically confirmed cases, spleen and liver samples were positive by all the employed molecular and parasitological procedures performed on spleen samples. When whole blood samples were used in the molecular assays, two samples (2.3%) were positive only by qPCR. DNA extracted and amplified from the spleens of seropositive dogs was sequenced, showing 100% of similarity with the Leishmania infantum (syn L. chagasi) sequence. Thus, the first cases of CVL have been confirmed in the Alfenas region, suggesting the importance of canine surveys in non-endemic municipalities for CVL to monitor disease progression and to prevent outbreaks.

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“…Despite the cultural and biological richness, over the last few decades, the EPA has undergone significant environmental changes, with the implantation of upscale horizontal condominiums, which opened up new roads, established new inhabitants and altered the delimitation of the urban perimeters [15,17,20]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial VL focus in Campinas was identified in 2009, based on an autochthonous canine case reported in an environmentally protected area (EPA) within the municipality [16,17]. This area has undergone intense environmental changes since the 1970s, with deforestation for road and residential condominiums construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis in an environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological and laboratory cross-sectional investigation of phlebotomine fauna, wild hosts and canine cases

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLeishmaniasis is a rapidly expanding zoonosis that shows increasing urbanization. Concern exists regarding the role of wildlife in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission, due to frequent natural or anthropogenic environmental changes that facilitate contact between wildlife, humans and their pets. The municipality of Campinas, in southeastern Brazil, initially recorded VL in 2009, when the first autochthonous case was confirmed in a dog living in an upscale residential condominium, located inside an environmentally protected area (EPA). Since then, disease transmission remains restricted to dogs inhabiting two geographically contiguous condominiums within the EPA.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of the VL focus to investigate Leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs, wild mammals and sand flies using molecular tools and recommended serological techniques. Canine seroprevalences of 1.5% and 1.2% were observed in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Six insect species, confirmed or suspected vectors or potential transmitters of Leishmania, were identified. Two specimens of the main L. (L.) infantum vector in Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis, were captured in the EPA. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum was recorded in one Expapillata firmatoi specimen and two Pintomyia monticola. Natural infection by L. (L.) infantum and Leishmania subgenus Viannia was also detected in two white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris), a known reservoir of VL. Geographical coordinates of each sampling of infected animals were plotted on a map of the EPA, demonstrating proximity between these animals, human residences, including the dogs positive for VL, and forest areas.Conclusions/SignificanceThe EPA, which is inhabited by humans, has an active VL focus. The risk of establishing and maintaining disease transmission foci in similar scenarios, i.e. wild areas that undergo environmental modifications, is evident. Moreover, different epidemiological profiles of VL must be included to elaborate prevention and control measures that consider the particularities of each transmission area.

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The first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Campinas, State of São Paulo Southeastern Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros

Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros

Leishmania infantum INFECTION IN DOGS FROM THE SOUTHERN REGION OF MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

Visceral leishmaniasis in an environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological and laboratory cross-sectional investigation of phlebotomine fauna, wild hosts and canine cases

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