Impact of the antipneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the occurrence of infectious respiratory diseases and hospitalization rates in children

Impacto da vacina pneumocócica na redução das internações hospitalares por pneumonia em crianças menores de 5 anos, em Santa Catarina, 2006 a 2014*

“…PCV10 was found to be effective in reducing cases of acute otitis media in Finland 20 and also in reducing pneumococcal meningitis incidence rates, with 87.7% effectiveness and 81.3% effectiveness for pneumonia, thus also promoting a reduction in the hospitalization rate due to these causes in children. 14,[21][22] In our study in Santa Catarina, this reduction is more evident in children aged under 1 year old when compared to children aged between 1 and 4 years old. This fact may possibly be related to the time period analyzed in which PCV10 had only been implanted for 5 years.…”

“…Despite the vaccine only having impact on reducing hospitalizations due to pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes or by serotypes corresponding to them, 14 and present in its composition, Domingues et al reported that in 2014 in ten Brazilian states, vaccination with three doses of PCV10 was associated with an 84% reduction (95%CI: 66;92) in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), through serotypes present in the vaccine (serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F), as well as a 78% reduction (95%CI: 41;92) in the serotypes corresponding to the vaccine (6A and 19A), when immunological cross-reactivity was reported. 15,23 In turn, research conducted in Salvador in 2002, with strains isolated from the blood of children and adolescents hospitalized with pneumonia and fever without localized symptoms, identified predominance of serotypes 14, 5, 6A, 6B, 19F, 9V, 18C and 23F in that population.…”

“…Changes in the behavior of the disease over time and alteration in circulating serotypes, as well as the existence of other vaccines such as PCV13, which is already being used in Uruguay 11 and Mexico, 13,14 demonstrate the importance of circulating serotypes, as well as the importance of in-depth assessments of the distribution of pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia. 15 PCV10 can be seen as one of the important factors in reducing pneumonia hospitalization rates in children under 1 year old in the state of Santa Catarina, given that pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of morbidity 6 and mortality among children in Southern Brazil.…”

Impact of the pneumococcal 10-valent vaccine on reducing hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in children

“…In Brazil, with the incorporation of pneumococcal vaccines, particularly 10-valent, since 2010,6 , 7 there is a reduction of pneumococcal diseases, such as meningitis and CAP,8 - 10 in children under two years of age, with a decline in the number of hospitalizations, malnutrition, deaths, and parental work absenteeism, as well as cost reduction, among others 1112 …”

Vaccines to prevent pneumonia in children – a developing country perspective

“…In 2007, WHO recommended the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccines in childhood immunisation programmes worldwide with the hope that international scale-up will reduce annual deaths in children under 5 years of age by 1.5 million in 2020 [6]. Several studies are already reporting declining incidence of childhood pneumonia with rising vaccine coverage even in resource-limited settings [16,[19][20][21][22], but progress is frustratingly slow and the commitment of national governments to fund fully inclusive vaccination programs limited. Pneumococcal vaccine was introduced in 103 countries (including Pakistan, the Philippines and Uganda where the vaccine was partially introduced) by the end of 2013, up from 87 countries in 2012.…”