“…Lemos et al (2001) showed that liquid media in both permanent and temporary immersion bioreactor systems increase the contact area of the explant with the media, which favors greater absorption of nutrients and water by in vitro tissues and organs. In similar studies, liquid media that were either stationary (Costa, Faria, Londe, Ribeiro, & Damascena, 2016;Siqueira, Santos, Salomão, Silva, & Barros, 2013) or agitated (Costa et al, 2016) promoted increased pseudostem diameter, leaf number, and fresh mass of in vitro banana shoots compared to those in semisolid media. There was a significant interaction between the addition of Si and the type of culture system, whereby Si contributed to increased plant DW in the liquid culture system (TIS bioreactor).…”