Female infertility of endocrine origin

Abstract

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive, with no contraception, after one year of regular intercourse in women < 35 years and after 6 months in women > 35 years. A review on causes, management and treatment of endocrine causes of female infertility was performed. Epidemiological data suggest that around 10% to 15% of couples are infertile. Anovulatory problems are responsible from 25% to 50% of causes of female infertility. Advanced age, obesity, and drugs, have a negative effect on fertility. Different hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and ovarian disorders may affect fertility as well. Infertility is a growing phenomenon in developed societies. We here provide information about how to identify endocrine patients with ovulatory dysfunction. Women must be advised about limiting factors to be avoided, in order to protect their fertility. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(2):144-52 Keywords Infertility; infertility causes; infertility propaedeutics; anovulation; ovarian factor RESUMO A infertilidade é definida como uma falha na concepção, sem anticoncepcionais, após um ano de relações sexuais regulares em mulheres com menos de 35 anos e após seis meses em mulheres com mais de 35 anos. Foi feita uma revisão das causas, manejo e tratamento das causas endócrinas causadoras de infertilidade feminina. Os dados epidemiológicos sugerem que cerca de 10% a 15% dos casais são inférteis. Os problemas de anovulação são responsáveis por 25% a 50% das causas de infertilidade feminina. A idade avançada, a obesidade e as drogas têm um efeito negativo na fertilidade. Diferentes transtornos hipotalâmicos, pituitários, tireoideanos, adrenais e ovarianos também podem afetar a fertilidade. A infertilidade é um fenômeno cada vez mais comum nas sociedades desenvolvidas. Fornecemos aqui informações sobre como identificar pacientes endocrinológicos com disfunções ovulatórias. As mulheres devem ser aconselhadas a evitar fatores limitadores de forma a proteger sua fertilidade. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(2):144-52 Descritores

The Role of Estrogen and Progesterone on Vaginal Cytology During Proliferative and Secretary Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

“…In patients group, at 2 nd and 14 th day of the cycle, the increase in mean number and cornification of vaginal squamous cells could be related to elevation in serum E2 level. Thus, estrogens that secreted by maturing follicles can cause thickening of vaginal lining, epithelium moving the cells away from their blood supply, this agreed with (Weiss et al 2004) who mentioned that vaginal cytology provides a useful qualitative measure of cyclic hormonal events that correlates well with endometrial biopsies and urinary estrogen profiles (17) . The significant reduction in leukocytes count in patients group, could be due to hormonal imbalance specifically high E2 level that could act as an immunomodulator.…”

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Rare Case of Unilateral Pleural Effusion

“…It is estimated that as many as 80 million couples are affected by infertility worldwide. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as IVF and embryo transfer (ET) has been essential in the treatment of infertility (1,2). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is the most serious, potentially lethal iatrogenic complication of controlled ovarian stimulation, which occurs in 33% of ovarian stimulation cycles with clinical manifestations varying from mild to severe as part of ART.…”

Нормогонадотропна Оваріальна Недостатність У Підлітковому Віці (Огляд Літератури Й Клінічний Випадок)

“…За даними ВООЗ [1], поширеність НОН становить 85 % від усіх порушень функції яєчників. До за-хворювань, що найчастіше призводять до розви-тку НОН, відносять синдром полікістозних яєч-ників (СПЯ), ендометріоз, уроджену гіперплазію кори надниркових залоз, автоімунний оофорит, хронічний сальпінгоофорит, уроджений та набу-тий гіпотиреоз, гіперпролактинемію [2], супутню патологію (ожиріння, цукровий діабет, дефіцит маси тіла тощо) [3].…”