2014
DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003002
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Abstract: The definition of the etiology of hyperprolactinemia often represents a great challenge and an accurate diagnosis is paramount before treatment. Although prolactin levels > 200-250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of prolactinomas, they can occasionally be found in other conditions. Moreover, as much as 25% of patients with microprolactinomas may present prolactin levels < 100 ng/mL, which are found in most patients with pseudoprolactinomas, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, or systemic diseases. On the other hand, … Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(105 citation statements)
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“…In patients with macroprolactinomas the PRL levels after treatment suspension were in the normal range; and in the latest control some patients, including the three patients with tumor persistence, showed slightly increased levels above the upper normal limit, this situation might be due to the effects of menopause. Most of the prolactinomas are microadenomas (15,16) and this was also observed in this study. In prolactinomas there is a close relation between PRL levels and the tumor size; the bigger the tumor is, the higher the PRL levels are.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…In patients with macroprolactinomas the PRL levels after treatment suspension were in the normal range; and in the latest control some patients, including the three patients with tumor persistence, showed slightly increased levels above the upper normal limit, this situation might be due to the effects of menopause. Most of the prolactinomas are microadenomas (15,16) and this was also observed in this study. In prolactinomas there is a close relation between PRL levels and the tumor size; the bigger the tumor is, the higher the PRL levels are.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Six weeks after delivery, PRL levels normalize due to a decrease in oestrogen level [19]. Other conditions can also cause physiological hyperprolactinemia, such as: stress, sleep, meals, exercise, sexual intercourse and chest wall stimulation [20]. It is important to note that physiological causes of hyperprolactinemia can coexist with pathological forms.…”
Section: Causes Of Hyperprolactinemiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other diseases of the hypothalamic and pituitary region can cause hyperprolactinemia by either disrupting synthesis or transmission of PIF. This includes primary or secondary hypothalamic and pituitary tumours (craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas), granulomatous or infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis, histiocytosis), hypophysitis, aneurysms, empty sella, trauma, or radiotherapy [20]. There are several systemic diseases that can cause hyperprolactinemia.…”
Section: Causes Of Hyperprolactinemiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Future prospects for hyperprolactinemia may require diagnostic criteria using free prolactin levels and so MPRL fraction measurement is important for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstetric and gynecological symptoms. HYPERPROLACTINEMIA is one of the most common hypothalamic pituitary endocrine disorders [1][2][3]. The causes of hyperprolactinemia include pregnancy, prolactinoma, intracranial tumors, medication, and hypothyroidism [1], and 9%-39% of hyperprolactinemia cases are classified as idiopathic [4,5].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%