Resistência à insulina e componentes da síndrome metabólica, análise por sexo e por fase da adolescência

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar a influência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica na resistência à insulina, por sexo e fase da adolescência. Sujeitos e métodos: Avaliaram-se dados bioquímicos, clínico, de estilo de vida e composição corporal de 800 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, de Viçosa-MG/Brasil, divididos em fases: inicial (10 a 13 anos), intermediária (14 a 16 anos) e final (17 a 19 anos). Resultados: 10,3 e 3,4% apresentavam, respectivamente, resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica. Na fase inicial, observaram-se maior prevalência de dislipidemia e na intermediária, de hiperuricemia e excesso de gordura corporal. O sexo feminino apresentou maior prevalência de dislipidemia, excesso de gordura corporal e resistência à insulina e o masculino, maior prevalência de HDL baixo, hiperuricemia e pressão arterial alterada. Os da fase inicial apresentaram maiores valores de colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e relação cintura/quadril, ficaram menos tempo sentados e realizavam maior número de refeições (p < 0,05) em relação às outras fases. O modelo final, ajustado por sexo, foi diferente para cada fase da adolescência. Conclusões: A resistência à insulina está associada à inadequação na composição corporal, nos níveis bioquímicos e no estilo de vida, sendo os fatores associados diferentes em cada fase da adolescência. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):610-8 Descritores Resistência à insulina; composição corporal; adolescente; síndrome X metabólica ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of metabolic syndrome components in insulin resistance, by gender and adolescence phase. Subjects and methods: We evaluated biochemical, clinical, lifestyle and body composition data of 800 adolescents from 10 to 19 years old, from both genders, from Viçosa, MG/Brasil, and there was the division by stage: early (10 to 13 years), intermediate (14 to 16 years) and late (17 to 19 years). Results: 10.3 and 3.4% had, respectively, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In the initial phase there was a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and intermediate hyperuricemia and excess body fat. Females had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, excess body fat and insulin resistance and higher male prevalence of low HDL, hyperuricemia and blood pressure changes. Those from the initial phase had higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose and waist/hip ratio, stayed less time sitting and had more meals (p < 0.05) in relation to other phases. The final model, adjusted for gender, was different for each phase of adolescence. Conclusions: Insulin resistance is associated with inadequate body composition, in biochemical levels and lifestyle, being the factors associated different in each phase of adolescence. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):610-8

Associação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional com fatores de risco cardiometabólicos na infância e adolescência: uma revisão sistemática

“…- 16 Of the studies that assessed the age ranges related to childhood and adolescence, none considered the observations separately by groups of children and adolescents, as they differ regarding growth, development and maturation status 19. These differences can influence the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors.…”

Clinical and metabolic profile and its relationship with insulin resistance among school children

“…The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilians, highlighting the big increase in adolescence, draws attention for being one of the critical periods of life for the onset or persistence of obesity and its complications such as insulin resistance, which is one of the main metabolic disorders (3) .…”

“…Insulin resistance is defined as a reduced response to the biological actions of insulin, abnormality due to inadequate insulin action in peripheral tissues such as adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. It is associated with excess body fat and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, which together constitute the metabolic syndrome (3) .…”

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents and its association with diet quality

“…Despite the small number of adolescents diagnosed with the syndrome in this research, there was a significant prevalence of alterations in its components, especially HDL-c, as demonstrated by other authors [7,34,[36][37][38]. Atherogenesis begins in childhood, and low HDL-c concentration plays an important role in this process, especially with increased TG levels.…”