Effect of combining Zingiber officinale and Juglans regia extracts on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: antibiofilm action and low toxicity

Abstract

Objective was evaluated the therapeutic effect of Juglans regia (J) and Zingiber officinale (Z) extracts, alone or associated (Z75% + J25%, Z50% + J50% and Z25% + J75%) applied on planktonic cultures and biofilms of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as analyzing the cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on mouse macrophages (Raw 264-7). Broth microdilution assay was performed (M7-A6 -CLSI). Anti-biofilm activities and cytotoxicity on Raw 264-7 were studied using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD applied for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis with Conover-Iman test, for nonparametric (p<0.05). On P. acnes biofilm, Z50% + J50% reduced 46.9% in 5 min and Z25% + J75% reduced 74.1% in 24hs. On S. aureus, Z75% + J25% reduced 23.1% in 5 min Z25% +J75% reduced 79.4% in 24hs. On S. epidermidis, Z75% + J25% reduced 74.6% in 5 min and 82.05% in 24 h. The treatments on macrophages for 24 h promoted a maximum reduction by 14,5% for groups of extracts associations. On multispecies biofilm, Z75%+J25% reduced 84.3% in 24 h. In conclusion association of glycolic extracts provided therapeutic effect, demonstrated antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity.

Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Properties of Thai Edible Plant Extracts and Their Prebiotic-Like Effects

“…Panduratin A and isopanduratin A in fingerroot extract displayed antibacterial activity against C. acnes and their MIC values were found to be 2 and 4 μg cm -3 , respectively [40]. Glycolic extracts of ginger were used for antibacterial evaluation on C. acnes ATCC 6919, and it was shown that the ginger extract (100 %) could inhibit the bacterial growth with an MIC value of 12.5 mg cm -3 [41]. Moreover, panduratin A was highly antimicrobial against both Staphylococci and Enterococci isolates [40].…”

Synergistic Antibiofilm Action of Cinnamomum verum and Brazilian Green Propolis Hydroethanolic Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Their Biocompatibility on Human Keratinocytes

“…The synergy of different plant extracts was tested before and was effective against different microorganisms [22,23]. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antibiofilm action of the produced and phytochemically characterized extracts of C. verum and BGP propolis against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.…”

Antibacterial Effect of Combinations of Salvia officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra Hydroalcoholic Extracts against Enterococcus spp.

“…Phytotherapy is gaining increasing attention in dentistry [11][12][13], particularly in specialized areas such as endodontics [14,15], or as a coating material [16,17] because of its antimicrobial action and biocompatibility. Its use reflects a broader trend towards exploring botanical solutions for dental applications, capitalizing on their well-established antimicrobial qualities and compatibility with oral health treatments.…”