Impact of different exercise intensities on pregnant rats and on their offspring

Netto, A.O.; Macedo, Nathália Cristine Dias; Gallego, Franciane Quintanilha; Sinzato, Yuri Karen; Volpato, Gustavo Tadeu; Zambrano, Elena; Damasceno, Débora Cristina

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020191572

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moderate intensity exercise (swimming with a 4% body weight load) had beneficial effects on females for implantation and fetal development, whereas heavy exercise (swimming with a 7% body weight load) caused maternal metabolic alterations that compromised fetal growth. 96 There are a few recent studies exploring the positive effects of exercise on the adverse consequences in offspring exposed to prenatal HFD. A short period of early postweaning exercise had lasting protective effects against the development of obesity and leptin resistance, increased leptin-induced phospho-STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) levels in the hypothalamus, and improved central leptin sensitivity to suppress food intake in the offspring of HFD mothers.…”

Section: Exercise Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitization of Hypertension: The Impact of Earlier Life Challenges: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2021

Xue

Johnson

2023

Hypertension

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Hypertension affects over 1 billion individuals worldwide. Because the cause of hypertension is known only in a small fraction of patients, most individuals with high blood pressure are diagnosed as having essential hypertension. Elevated sympathetic nervous system activity has been identified in a large portion of hypertensive patients. However, the root cause for this sympathetic overdrive is unknown. A more complete understanding of the breadth of the functional capabilities of the sympathetic nervous system may lead to new insights into the cause of essential hypertension. By employing a unique experimental paradigm, we have recently discovered that the neural network controlling sympathetic drive is more reactive after rats are exposed to mild challenges (stressors) and that the hypertensive response can be sensitized (ie, hypertensive response sensitization [HTRS]). We have also found that the induction of HTRS involves plasticity in the neural network controlling sympathetic drive. The induction and maintenance of the latent HTRS state also require the functional integrity of the brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the presence of several central inflammatory factors. In this review, we will discuss the induction and expression of HTRS in adult animals and in the progeny of mothers with prenatal obesity/overnutrition or with maternal gestational hypertension. Also, interventions that reverse the effects of stressor-induced HTRS will be reviewed. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HTRS and identifying the beneficial effects of maternal or offspring early-life interventions that prevent or reverse the sensitized state can provide insights into therapeutic strategies for interrupting the vicious cycle of transgenerational hypertension.

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Section: Exercise Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interventions That Attenuate Developmental Programming Of Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of Hypertension: The Impact of Earlier Life Challenges: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2021

Xue

Johnson

2023

Hypertension

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“…Female rats, which were later confirmed to be in late proestrus and early estrus, were placed to mate with male rats overnight (monogamous mating). Day 0 pregnancies determined if there is rat sperm in female rats vaginal plug (Netto et al, 2020). The pregnancy was also confirmed by abdominal palpation on the 7 th day after the mating.…”

Section: Mating Procedures and Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of swimming exercise and RLN2 induction on relaxin levels, MMP-13, TGFβ expression in the pubic cartilage of pregnant rats

Oktaviani¹,

Wihastuti²,

Rahardjo³

et al. 2022

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res

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Context: Swimming exercises can be used as an intervention to maintain the stability of the synthesis of the pubic symphysis cartilage. Aims: To evaluate the effects of swimming exercise on relaxin levels, MMP-13, TGFβ expression in pubic cartilage at pregnant rats with induction of RLN2 gene. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats (six in each group) were impregnated with 24 male rats (1:1). Three groups had swimming exercises for 60 min per day, and the other groups were treated as the control group. Two groups were given subcutaneous RLN2 gene. Relaxin plasma was collected from the sinus retro-orbital and performed twice on the eighth day and the 20th of pregnancy. The pubic symphysis of the rats was collected on the 20th day of pregnancy, and the decalcification process was carried out before making histological preparations. Results: There was an increase in the amount of relaxin in the relaxin-induced group after 24 h induction (p=0.000). Relaxin levels of pregnant rats on the 20th day correlated with the expression of MMP-13, p=0.029; R2=0.447. In the treatment group, relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression were lower than the non-treatment group, p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively. In contrast, there was a higher expression of TGFβ in the treatment group, p=0.000. Conclusions: Relaxin plasma levels have a significant correlation with the expression of MMP-13, and swimming exercise increases the expression of TGFβ and decreases relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression in the pubic cartilage.

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“…The exercised rats had level of lactate = 7.1 ± 1.9 mmol/L. The pregnant rats that remained in water at a depth of 10 cm at 32 C were classified as sedentary (lactate = 5.5 ± 1.6 mmol/L) (Netto et al, 2020).…”

Section: Exercise Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal‐fetal outcomes of exercise applied in rats with mild hyperglycemia after embryonic implantation

Soares

Moraes-Souza

Carneiro

et al. 2020

Birth Defects Research

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Background Exercise is commonly recommended to control hyperglycemia, including during pregnancy. We conducted this study to understand the potential benefits and risks of exercise during pregnancy of women with diabetes. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of swimming on a diabetic rat during pregnancy and assayed maternal‐fetal parameters. Methods Diabetes was induced in the female newborn from Wistar rats by the streptozotocin administration on first postnatal day. At 110 days of life, after confirm mild symptoms of diabetes, the rats were mated and randomly distributed into four experimental groups (minimum of 13 animals/group): Control (C)—nondiabetic animals without swimming; Control and Exercise (CEx)—nondiabetic animals submitted to swimming; Mild Diabetic (MD)—diabetic animals without swimming; Mild Diabetic and Exercise (MDEx)—diabetic animals submitted to swimming. The swimming program was performed from day 7 to 21 of pregnancy. Maternal parameters were evaluated during the pregnancy period. On day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were sacrificed and maternal and fetal parameters analyzed. Results There are no alterations in body weight, food consumption, water intake, and reproductive outcomes among the groups. The swimming program did not normalize maternal glycemia and other biochemical biomarkers. The diabetes and exercise combination increased organ weight. The fetuses born to these exercising diabetic rats had reduced fetal weight and increased skeletal anomalies (mainly incomplete ossification of sternebra). Conclusion The intense swimming exercise imposed on female rats during pregnancy impaired maternal metabolic repercussions, contributing to intrauterine growth restriction and fetal skeletal anomalies.

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Impact of different exercise intensities on pregnant rats and on their offspring

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Sensitization of Hypertension: The Impact of Earlier Life Challenges: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2021

Sensitization of Hypertension: The Impact of Earlier Life Challenges: Excellence Award for Hypertension Research 2021

Effects of swimming exercise and RLN2 induction on relaxin levels, MMP-13, TGFβ expression in the pubic cartilage of pregnant rats

Maternal‐fetal outcomes of exercise applied in rats with mild hyperglycemia after embryonic implantation

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