Leaf extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa positively regulates atherosclerotic-related protein expression

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is caused by a monocyte-mediated infl ammatory process that, in turn, is stimulated by cytokines and adhesion molecules. Monocytes are then differentiated into macrophages, leading to the formation of arterial atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, guavirova leaf extracts from Campomanesia xanthocarpa (EG) have shown potential effects on the treatment of plaque formation by reducing cholesterol, LDL levels and serum oxidative stress. We evaluated the effect of EG on the viability of human monocytic and endothelial cell lines at three time points (24, 48 and 72 hours) and whether it can modulate the migration and in vitro expression of CD14, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, HLA-DR and CD105. Cell viability was affected only at higher concentrations and times. We observed decreased ICAM-1 expression in cells treated with 50 μg/ml EG and CD14 expression with IFN-γ and without IFN-γ. CD14 also decreased endothelial cell expression in the presence of IFN-γ and GE. We also found decreased expression of PECAM-1 when treated with EG and IFN-γ. In addition, EG-treated endothelial cells showed higher migration than the control group. Reduced expression of these markers and increased migration may lead to decreased cytokines, which may be contributing to decreased chronic infl ammatory response during atherosclerosis and protecting endothelial integrity.

Chemical evaluation and biological activity of bioactive compounds from Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg

“…Interestingly, most of those authors did not investigate the mechanism of action of the C. xanthocarpa extracts. More recently, a study found that extracts from C. xanthocarpa leaves can reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis by modulating atherosclerotic-related molecules such as CD14, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD105 in the THP-1 human monocytic cell line (Cunha et al, 2020). The positive effect of this plant on hypercholesterolemia was found to be related to the reduction in AOPPs (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products), a biomarker of protein oxidation and an inflammatory mediator, and CRP (C Reactive Protein) related to the decrease of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells (Viecili et al, 2014).…”