Surface modification of activated carbon by corona treatment

Abstract

Surface modification may lead activated carbon (AC) to take on different properties. This study aimed to promote surface modification of activated carbons using corona treatment (electrical discharge). In this study, powdered commercial activated carbon was used. Activated carbons were subjected to corona treatment at different exposure times (2, 5, 8 and 10 min) at 4.5 cm height from the source. To observe differences promoted by treatment, activated carbons were analyzed by acidity, surface functional groups, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (ChN), proximate analysis and thermogravimetry. Corona treatment impacted surface chemistry of activated carbons. There was a trend of increasing surface acidity according to exposure time. There were changes in functional groups, increasing carboxyl acid and decreasing lactone and phenol groups. FTIR analysis showed peaks in the bands at 3500, 1650 and 1300 cm-1. Increase of oxygen content and decrease of carbon content were also found. Immediate analysis followed similar tendency for volatile and fixed carbon content. There were also differences in thermogravimetry analysis. Treated activated carbons were different compared to virgin activated carbon. This difference was performed by surface oxidation. Thus, this study showed that corona treatment caused surface modifications and might impact adsorption process.

Ecofriendly Approach for Treatment of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Water Using Activated Carbon of Kernel Shell of Oil Palm

“…The hydroxyl bands are found to be around 2500-3000 cm -1 , with slight shifts in position after the attachment of the heavy metal ions. This OH band can be attributed to the activation of the PKS carbon with H3PO4 and moisture in the sample [16][17][18]27]. The bands at 1650-1400 cm -1 can be attributed to the aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) of the activated carbon [18].…”

“…The infrared absorption bands at 1200-1100 cm −1 are due to CH 2 and CH 3 absorption bands. Furthermore, C-O and C-C stretching bands appear at 950-870 cm −1 and 800-735 cm −1 , respectively [17][18][19]27]. Table 1 shows the details of the assigned infrared bands before and after treatment with heavy metal-contaminated water.…”

Canola meal‐derived activated biochar treated with NaOH and CO2 as an effective tool for Cd removal

“…S3) show a single mass loss peak at 64 °C (CAC) and 61 °C (CAC-CO 2 ) due to water loss from hygroscopicity of the biochar. 71 This result implies that cellulosic and hemicellulose materials, common in agricultural residues, were mainly lost during pyrolysis, 72 leaving only the most resilient lignocellulosic matrix and stable carbon structure. After the activation procedures, pH PZC was 9.84 and 10.83 for CAC and CAC-CO 2 , respectively (Fig.…”

Produção de carvão ativado a partir de bagaço de malte com ativação química utilizando diferentes agentes ativante

“…A capacidade de adsorção de um carvão ativado está diretamente relacionada com a sua área superficial (Andrade, 2014). Uma elevada área superficial é resultado do processo de produção, principalmente do processo de ativação, no qual o carvão, com pequena superfície interna, é submetido a altas temperaturas, promovendo o desenvolvimento dos poros (Pego, 2019).…”