Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education

Alves, Ruy José Válka; Weksler, Marcelo; Oliveira, João Alves de; Buckup, Paulo Andreas; Pombal, José P.; Santana, Hélcio R.G.; Peracchi, Adriano Lúcio; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Aleixo, Alexandre Luis Padovan; Langguth, Alfredo; Almeida, Alzira Maria Paiva de; Albernaz, Ana Luisa; Ribas, Camila C.; Zilberberg, Carla; Grelle, Carlos Eduardo Viveiros; Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte; Lamas, Carlos José Einicker; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Bonvicino, Cibele Rodrigues; Prado, Cynthia P. A.; Lima, Daniela Oliveira de; Rossa-Feres, Denise C.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Salimena, Fátima Regina Gonçalves; Perini, Fernando A.; Bockmann, Flávio Alicino; Franco, Francisco L.; Giudice, G.; Colli, Guarino R.; Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães; Marinho‐Filho, Jader; Werneck, Jane M.C.F.; Santos, Jorge Alberto dos; Nascimento, Jorge Luiz do; Nessimian, Jorge Luiz; Cordeiro, José Luís Passos; Del‐Claro, Kleber; Salles, Leandro O.; Casatti, Lílian; Py-Daniel, Lucia Helena R.; Silveira, Luís Fábio; Toledo, Luı́s Felipe; Oliveira, Luiz F. De; Malabarba, Luiz Roberto; Silva, Marcelo D. Da; Couri, Márcia Souto; Martins, Marcio Roberto; Tavares, Marcos; Sobral, Marcos; Vieira, Marcus Vinícius; Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Aguiar; Pinna, Mário de; Hopkins, Michael John Gilbert; Solé, Mirco; Menezes, Naércio A.; Passos, Paulo; D’Andrea, Paulo Sérgio; Pinto, Pedro C.E.A.; Viana, Pedro Lage; Toledo, Peter Mann de; Reis, Roberto E.; Vilela, Roberto V.; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Cerqueira, Rui; Castroviejo‐Fisher, Santiago; Caramaschi, Ulisses

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820180460

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…A nefarious combination of rapid agribusiness and infrastructure development, illdesigned and poorly enforced environmental laws, alongside few incentives for research and conservation are engendering a major biodiversity collapse in the Cerrado (Alves et al 2018;Fernandes et al 2017;Overbeck et al 2018;Strassburg et al 2017). De Marco et al (2020) assessed species and landscape vulnerability for threatened species of Cerrado mammals.…”

Section: Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and conservation of the Cerrado: recent advances and old challenges

2020

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Background Covering about 2 Mio. km 2 by the arrival of the first European settlers, the Cerrado savannas are second in extent only to Amazonian forests amongst the South American biomes (Diniz et al. 2010; Eiten 1972; Oliveira and Marquis 2002). The Cerrado sits strategically at the centre of the continent, connecting two open vegetation biomes-the Chaco to the southwest and the Caatinga to the northeast-thus forming a diagonal corridor of dry habitats in South America, and simultaneously establishing a biogeographical barrier between two forest biomes-Amazonia to the northwest and the Atlantic Forest to the southeast (Schmidt and Inger 1951; Vanzolini 1963; Werneck 2011). Moreover, it also occurs as isolated patches within other biomes, presumably relicts of a more extensive past distribution (

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Section: Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and conservation of the Cerrado: recent advances and old challenges

2020

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“…According to the self-recovery and anti-interference characteristics of the value elements of the study area, the vulnerability of the plant species can be measured from indicators such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and community structure richness and soil type, which can directly or indirectly reflect the characteristics of vegetation [24,27,29]. The degree of protection indices for endangered species, as well as the endemic species, reflect the degree of protection and distribution of animal species and can directly or indirectly influence the distribution of animals after external disturbances [22,23]. Though reasonable grazing can ensure the natural succession of ecosystems and positively affect grassland regeneration and the nutrient supply for herbivorous wild animals, it can also indirectly affect the distribution of wild animals [58][59][60].…”

Section: Heritage Value Protection Significance Index (Hvspi) Construmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioecological component of OUV (criteria ix, x) for a WNHS reflects the ecological processes and characteristics of plants and animals in the ecosystem of the respective biogeographical area, the habitat and biodiversity. Biodiversity incorporates aspects such as species diversity, species composition, flora, vegetation type, fauna, vertical natural zone, International Union for the Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC) habitat type, habitat integrity, species richness, endangered species and endemic species [21][22][23][24][25].IUCN natural heritage experts comprehensively evaluate potential heritage areas to determine whether they satisfy the WNHS criteria in terms of the integrity, originality and threats to the OUV [6,12]. Integrity requires that OUV elements and areas with heritage values have uncompromising and regional holistic characteristics [13,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…as well as the characteristics of the vegetation within that plot (species, quantity, average height, relative abundance, coverage, etc.) [22,23,47]. For areas that are listed as WNHS by bioecological value standards (ix, x), the recorded information can then be used to demonstrate a WNHS's OUV with regard to its species biodiversity, species composition, flora and vegetation type [24,25,28,33].Xinjiang Tianshan WNHS was listed in the Natural World Heritage List in 2013.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Conservation Value of World Natural Heritage Sites’ Outstanding Universal Value via Multiple Techniques—Bogda, Xinjiang Tianshan

Shi

Han

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The protection of World Natural Heritage Sites (WNHSs) has become a global undertaking, wherein Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) is an important aspect of heritage protection. Focusing on the protection of the aesthetic and bioecological values of Bogda (one component of Xinjiang Tianshan WNHS), 17 indicators are selected to construct a Heritage Value Protection Significance Index (HVPSI) and a related Heritage Value Protection Index (HVI). From these, the level of OUV conservation is obtained according to the five aspects of integrity, vulnerability, sensitivity, degree of human impact and environmental factors. The spatial autocorrelation analysis method was applied to the OUV conservation indices to comprehensively reflect the spatial-pattern characteristics of the heritage value in the study area. According to the spatial-division of the HVPSI, the plant community composition and diversity characteristics of different HVPSI zones are analyzed by a field survey (July 2018 and 2019). To verify the rationality of space partition and identify the OUV elements in each HVPSI district, a spatial-econometric model is then used to explore the relationship among HVPSI, HVI and community diversity. This study provides a scientific basis for management of heritage sites and a theoretical basis for further investigation into heritage site indicators. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5953 2 of 27examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals [bioecology]; and (x) to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation [habitat standards] [3]. Since the adoption of the 'Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage' by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on November 16, 1972, many countries have actively attempted to protect their cultural and natural heritage through declaration of world heritage sites [2]. To qualify as a WNHS, a heritage site must contribute Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). OUV is defined as 'cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity' [3]. Acknowledging and satisfying the requirements of OUV is an important part of heritage conservation and at the core of the standards of heritage value. The refinement of a WNHS's OUV standards is a key aspect in the declaration and protection of WNHSs. Furthermore, refining OUV requirements has important scientific and practical significance in the formulation of relevant protection and management policies [4].To define OUV, scholars have compared and analyzed the multiple values of landscapes, ecology, science, technology, ec...

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Conservation Policy: Helping or hindering science to unlock properties of plants and fungi

Williams

Walsh

Vaglica

et al. 2020

Plants People Planet

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Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Biodiversity and conservation of the Cerrado: recent advances and old challenges

Biodiversity and conservation of the Cerrado: recent advances and old challenges

Conservation Value of World Natural Heritage Sites’ Outstanding Universal Value via Multiple Techniques—Bogda, Xinjiang Tianshan

Conservation Policy: Helping or hindering science to unlock properties of plants and fungi

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