Changes in the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in Prosopis glandulosa treated with cadmium and copper

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the changes on the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, phenolic compounds accumulation and photochemical efficiency in leaves of P. glandulosa treated with Cd2+ (0.001 M) and Cu2+ (0.52 M) concentrations for 96 h under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that only leaves treated with copper had a decrease in photochemical efficiency and leaf epidermal polyphenols in P. glandulosa leaves after 96 h of exposure. On the other hand the reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed higher levels of phenolic compound (gallic, vanillic and caffeic acids) and flavonoids (rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucosides) in plant leaves from Cu and Cd-treatments with respect to control plants. Finally, highest increments in PAL activity was observed in extracts of leaves treated with Cu and Cd (about 205 and 284%), respectively, with respect to control plants after 96 h treatment. These suggest that activation of phenylpropanoid pathway represent a source of nonenzymatic antioxidants that protect at P. glandulosa against oxidative stress when exposed to cadmium and copper. Hence future studies are necessary to elucidate the participation of phenylpropanoid pathway in the reduction of metal toxicity in Prosopis species.

Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles From Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC., and Its Effect Against Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

“…The synthesis of Cu/Zn-NPs from P. juliflora was primarily confirmed by the change of color from light yellow to transparent color ( Fig. 1) suggests that CuSO4 and ZnSO4 dissolved in water, dissociates into Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and SO4 2-, are reduced to Cu 0 and Zn 0 by reduction action of phytochemicals (e.g., phenols and flavonoids) present in P. juliflora forming bimetallic nanoparticles (Zn/Cu-P.juliflora) [14]. The DLS results for particle size in solution for Cu/Zn nanoparticles are presented in Fig.…”

Transcriptome divergence between developmental senescence and premature senescence in Nicotiana tabacum L.

“…TPA1 and PAL3 possessed similar expression profiles independently, as two genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which was the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway 75 . Given that the activation of phenylpropanoid pathway offered a source of nonenzymatic antioxidants responding to oxidative stress 76 , there was a putatively preliminary observation that DS suffered oxidative stress in the early stage of senescence but PS suffered in late stage (Fig. 4B).…”

“…This term was down-regulated in PS but not enriched in DS, representing its functioning in the process of PS. The expression patterns of TPA1 and PAL3 in PS, which encoded the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway and offered a source of nonenzymatic antioxidants 75,76 , should also be noticed as the response of oxidative stress. Another attention for oxidative stress we should pay on was the expression patterns of HSP90, which was involved in the disturbance of H 2 O 2 77 .…”

RESPUESTAS TEMPRANAS EN SIMPLASTO DE TALLO ASOCIADAS A LA RUTA DEL ÁCIDO SALICÍLICO EN LA INTERACCIÓN CLAVEL (Dianthus caryophyllus, caryophyllaceae)- FOD (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi)

“…La actividad PAL se determinó con algunas modificaciones para el material vegetal evaluado (González-Mendoza et al, 2018). Para la medición de PAL, 100 μL del extracto simplástico fueron adicionados a 400 μL de L-fenilalanina 20 mM en buffer Tris-HCl (100 mM, pH 9) e incubado 15 min a 37 °C.…”