Nonylphenol: Properties, legislation, toxicity and determination

Abstract

This paper aims to gather and discuss important information about nonylphenol, such as physical chemistry properties, toxicity and analytical methods in various matrices. As a degradation product of ethoxylated alkylphenols, nonylphenol presents a higher degree of reactivity than its precursor. Due to its harmful effects on the environment, use and production of nonylphenol has been banned in European Union countries, alongside their precursors. The guide on quality of drinking water (USEPA) recommends a maximum concentration of 28 µg L -1 for fresh water. In Brazil, there is no clear legislation containing values of maximum concentration of nonylphenol. Due to this lack of regulation, a continuous monitoring is necessary of this pollutant in environmental samples. This paper aims to encourage further studies on nonylphenol, seen as a critical environmental pollutant. For proper monitoring is necessary to have reliable analytical methods and easy to perform in routine analysis.

Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the eastern cape province of South Africa

“…It is rated as third largest surfactant worldwide (Brunelli 2018). It can also be formed from the anaerobic breakdown of ethoxylated alkylphenols (Araujo et al 2018). NP affects reproduction, fertility and infant size at birth (Huang et al 2017).…”

Continuous Fixed-Bed Column Study Using Carbon Nano-Adsorbent Made Through Pyrolysis of Garbage Leachate on the Sand Particles for Removal of 4-Nonylphenol from Surface Water

“…Water is a vital resource for human beings' life and its quality plays a key role in human health (Guimarães et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2020). Today, water resource has posed a rising concern in the view of socio-economic development (Araujo, Bauerfeldt, & Cid, 2017). Climate change projections have indicated that changing climate affects each component of the climate system with regional differences (Mosadegh, 2013;Mosadegh & Nolin, 2020;IPCC, 2021;.…”

“…The sludge and effluent of industrial and municipal wastewater treatment plants are the entry routes of emerging pollutants to water resources (Geissen et al, 2015). The search for more sources and further expensive and complex chemical treatments for ensuring accessibility of drinking water are other challenges in this regard (Araujo et al, 2017). Current studies have indicated that 4-NP is a robust estrogenic isomer probably entering the aquatic environment via the treated sewage effluent discharge.…”

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Steroidal Hormones and Phenolic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Surface Water in Cuautla River, Mexico

“…It has also been shown to elicit slight to moderate affectations on growth and development of plants [23]. The phenolic compounds 4-NP and 4-t-OP are important intermediates in the production and degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are widely used as nonionic surfactants in industrial, agricultural and household applications [24]. Thus, phenolic compounds might become key EDCs to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on aquatic environment and human health.…”