Application of modified simplex on the development of a preconcentration system for cadmium determination in sediments, food and cigarettes

Abstract

A modifi ed simplex algorithm was used to optimize a system of preconcentration for cadmium determination in samples of sediments, cigarettes and food using fl ame atomic absorption spectrometry. The preconcentration system is based on the sorption of cadmium in a minicolumn packed with Amberlite XAD-2 resin functionalized with 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). The optimized variables were pH and sampling fl ow rate and the optimum conditions found for these variables were, respectively 8.7 and 8.8 mL min -1 . The developed system showed a preconcentration factor of 15.3, detection limit of 0.49 μg L -1 , quantifi cation limit of 1.65 μg L -1 and precision expressed as relative standard deviation (% RSD, n=10) of 5.9. The accuracy of the method was checked by analysis of estuary sediment certifi ed reference material (NIST 1646-1). The cadmium concentrations found in sediment samples ranged from 1.73 and 1.90 μg g -1 .In cigarette samples the results were 0.085 and 0.193 μg g -1, and in food samples (coriander and lettuce) the concentrations found of this metal were, respectively, 0.33 and 0.12 μg g -1 .

Assessment of the use of tropical peats as local alternative materials for the adsorption of Pb, Zn and Cd: An equilibrium study

“…It is toxic to plants and organisms at smaller concentrations than Zn, Pb and copper (Cu) are (Adriano, 1986). Studies have provided evidence that Cd is a carcinogenic element and that acute exposure can lead to death in humans and animals (ATSDR, 2012;Santos et al, 2016). Zn is an essential nutrient for plants and animals and it is important for the biological functions of living tissues.…”