Inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in weanling pig diets

Thomaz, Maria Cristina; Watanabe, Pedro Henrique; Pascoal, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca; Assis, Murilo M.; Ruiz, Urbano dos Santos; Amorim, Alessandro Borges; Silva, Susana Z.; Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de; Melo, Gabriel Maurício Peruca de; Huaynate, Rizal Alcides Robles

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520140154

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, none of the four groups showed a higher incidence of diarrhea than the others. Thomaz et al [38] report that animals fed diets supplemented with trace minerals in inorganic form suffer higher rates of diarrhea than animals fed diets without mineral supplements. However, this was not confirmed in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral iron supplementation, in the form of fortified breads, on the growth performance, health, iron status parameters, and fecal metabolome of anemic piglets. A study was conducted on 24 hybrid (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) piglets. From day 44, the post-natal 12 piglets were supplemented with 100 g of one of two experimental breads, each fortified with 21 mg of ferrous sulphate, either encapsulated or not. After one week of oral supplementation, hematological parameters (hematocrit value, hemoglobin, and red blood cells) showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Piglets fed with the fortified breads had higher iron concentrations in the heart, liver, and intestinal mucosa compared to anemic piglets fed with control bread. Gene expression of hepcidin, iron exporter ferroportin (IREG1), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), together with concentrations of plasma ferritin, showed no significant statistical differences between groups. Both fortified breads could be used as sources of bioavailable iron. The seven-day intervention trial showed microencapsulation to have only a mild effect on the effectiveness of iron supplementation in the form of fortified bread.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model

et al. 2017

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“…In agreement, Martin et al [ 13 ] evaluated the OTM and ITM supplementation from weaning to 35 d postweaning and demonstrated that iron sulfate deposited more Fe in liver than organic (chelated) source of Fe but not in kidney. A recent trial conducted by Thomaz et al [ 20 ] indicated that iron sulfate fed pigs have more liver Fe than Fe proteinate fed pigs for an inclusion rate at 100% of requirement but similar liver Fe at 50% requirements for nursery (postweaning to 42 d) pigs. In an early study by Standish and Ammerman [ 21 ], excess Fe as ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate fed to sheep increased liver and spleen Fe dramatically, but the muscle Fe was not affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of trace mineral source and preharvest deletion of trace minerals from finishing diets on tissue mineral status in pigs

Lindemann

Webb

et al. 2018

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to evaluate dietary supplemental trace mineral source and deletion on mineral content in tissues.MethodsWeanling crossbred pigs (n = 144; 72 barrows and 72 gilts; body weight [BW] = 7.4±1.05 kg) were used. A basal diet was prepared, and trace mineral premix containing either inorganic (ITM) or organic (OTM) trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was added to the basal diet. Pigs were blocked by sex and BW and randomly allotted to 24 pens for a total of 6 pigs per pen, and fed a diet containing either ITM or OTM supplemented at the 1998 NRC requirement estimates for each of 5 BW phases (Phase I to V) from 7 to 120 kg. The trace mineral supplementation was deleted for 6, 4, 2, and 0 wk of Phase V; regarding nutrient adequacy during this phase, the indigenous dietary Fe and Mn was sufficient, Cu was marginal and Zn was deficient.ResultsAt the end of Phase IV, Mn content (mg/kg on the dry matter basis) was greater (p<0.05) in heart (0.77 vs 0.68), kidney (6.32 vs 5.87), liver (9.46 vs 8.30), and longissimus dorsi (LD; 0.30 vs 0.23) of pigs fed OTM. The pigs fed OTM were greater (p<0.05) in LD Cu (2.12 vs 1.89) and Fe (21.75 vs 19.40) and metacarpal bone Zn (141.86 vs 130.05). At the end of Phase V, increased length of deletion period (from 0 to 6 wk) resulted in a decrease (linear, p<0.01) in liver Zn (196.5 to 121.8), metacarpal bone Zn (146.6 to 86.2) and an increase (linear, p<0.01) in heart Mn (0.70 to 1.08), liver Mn (7.74 to 12.96), and kidney Mn (5.58 to 7.56). The only mineral source by deletion period interaction (p<0.05) was observed in LD Zn.ConclusionThe results demonstrated differential effects of mineral deletion on tissue mineral content depending on both mineral assessed and source of the mineral.

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“…One of the points that should be noted in the methodology when studying chelated minerals is the recommended nutritional level. Many studies indicate that, due to increased bioavailability, lower levels of chelated minerals (compared to saline sources) would be sufficient to meet the animals' requirements [5,14,16,17]. Perhaps this explains the absence of difference in the performance of sows fed with organic and inorganic Ca sources in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…There is quite extensive research on the benefits of chelated mineral sources in animal nutrition, in particular for non-ruminants [14][15][16][17]. These associated mineral sources have been reported to improve mineral absorption, and when replacing traditional inorganic mineral sources are capable of maintaining or improving performance [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Calcium Sources on the Performance of Highly Prolific Lactating Sows

Lne¹,

Ban²,

Maiorka³

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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Improvements in sow productivity have raised questions regarding dietary mineral recommendations. Current calcium (Ca) levels and/or Ca sources might not support milk requirements of the larger litter in the modern sow. Therefore, four hundred and eighty mixed parity sows of a high prolificacy genetic line were used to evaluate the impact of the calcium source on the performance of highly prolific lactating sows. Sows were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design among six treatments containing different levels of inorganic Ca (INO) and organic calcium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate (CQT) inclusion. The sows were allocated to one of the six treatments represented by increased replacement ratios between sources of calcium: 100% INO; 100% CQT; 80% INO and 20% CQT; 60% INO and 40% CQT; 40% INO and 60% CQT; 20% INO and 80% CQT. Farrowing duration was not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments, and averaged 185 minutes. Average daily voluntary feed intake did not differ (P>0.10) between treatments (5.54 kg d -1 on average). The lactation BW, backfat losses and chemical composition of body weight loss was not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments. Litter size and average piglet weight at birth were not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments (13.7 and 1.26 kg, on average). Litter weight gain, litter size and average piglet weight at weaning were also not influenced (P>0.10) by the treatments. The Treatments did not influence (P>0.10) estimated daily milk yield; which averaged 11.41 kg d -1 . The treatments tended to influence (P<0.10) urinary pH levels at day 7 of lactation, were 100% CQT sows had a lower pH value than other treatments (6.72 vs. 7.27). 100% CQT sows also showed a significantly lower pH level at d 14 and 21 when compared to the other treatments (6.44 vs. 7.09; P<0.05; and 6.48 vs. 7.14; P<0.01; respectively for d 14 and 21 of lactation). Free Ca and parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels were not affected (P>0.10) by treatments during lactation and averaged 1.38 mmol/L and 14.62 pg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, this experiment demonstrated that in diets for lactating sows an inorganic Ca source can be fully replaced by a more available Ca source (i.e., calcium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate), without negatively impacting the productive and reproductive performance of these animals or the performance of their litters.

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Inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in weanling pig diets

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model

Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model

Evaluation of trace mineral source and preharvest deletion of trace minerals from finishing diets on tissue mineral status in pigs

Evaluation of Different Calcium Sources on the Performance of Highly Prolific Lactating Sows

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