Evaluation of the photodynamic activity of Xanthene Dyes on Artemia salina described by chemometric approaches

Abstract

The development of drugs for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important area of research due to their growing use in medical applications. Therefore, it is important to develop new bioassay methods for PDT photosensitizers that are inexpensive, easy to handle and highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Xanthene dyes (fluorescein, rose bengal B, erythrosine B and eosin Y) with LED light sources were investigated using Artemia salina as a bioindicator of photodynamic activity. In this study, three factors were investigated: (i) photosensitizers concentration, (ii) the LED irradiation time and (iii) the waiting time between the addition of the photosensitizers and the beginning of the irradiation. To analyze the photokilling of A. salina, it was employed a 2 3 full factorial design. The death of A. salina was related to dye structure and the interaction between the irradiation time and the photosensitizers concentration. About 60% of crustaceans death was obtained using rose bengal B, which presentes the highest quantum yield of singlet oxygen due to the number of iodide substituents in the xanthenes ring. The proposed bioassay using A. salina, xanthene dyes and LED irradiation was found suitable for quantitative PDT drug evaluation.

Distribution of Xanthene Dyes in DPPC Vesicles: Rationally Accounting for Drug Partitioning Using a Membrane Model

“…34 Other authors have observed the same tendency in PDIMO applications of xanthene dyes for antibacterial applications. 35,36 Thus, the distribution of these dyes that we have proposed strongly supports these results concerning the high membrane penetration of RBB.…”

Effects of Temperature and Concentration on the Rate of Photobleaching of Erythrosine in Water

“…Our interest in this compound stems from its known ability to function as a triplet state photosensitizer in water. Indeed, xanthene dyes , in general are promising sensitizers for antimicrobial studies , because of their relatively low toxicity, high triplet energies, near-quantitative triplet state quantum yields, and relatively long triplet lifetimes. The interest in killing bacteria by way of photodynamic therapy has led to further development of new sensitizers.…”

Photo-Decolourization Kinetics of Acid Red 87 Dye in ZnO Suspension Under Different Types of UV-A Light

“…therapy (PDT) drug evaluation by photokilling of Artemia salina [11]. It also used as sensitizers for zinc oxide solar cells and the eosin yellow given a better results compared with the other used xanthene dyes [12].…”