Modelos de assistência obstétrica concorrentes e ativismo pela humanização do parto

Abstract

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. Abstract:This article aims to analyze the contemporary conflict about the chidbirth: between supporters of the "technocratic" model and supporters of the "humanized" model of assistance. This is primarily a conflict between defenders of the normal birth and the caesarian section. I intend to examine the medical discourses about possible obstetric practices in order to analyze how each group (those who defend the normal birth and those who support the caesarian section) builds and authorizes his discourse. I will focus on the paths taken by physicians who studied in technocratic schools but adopted the humanized model. I will also analyze how activists and other women relate, respond and place themselves in relation to the medical discourses, considering the role played by them as reproducers and builders of these speeches.

The Childbirth Environment and Parenthood: Time, Pain, and Subjective Constitution

“…Attention to childbirth is going through a special moment in Brazil. In the last decades, there has been an increase in movements made up of women and health professionals in favor of the humanization of childbirth; and, for several years, there has been an increase in the Brazilian Health Ministry's interest in improving Brazil's obstetric scenario, which is guided by an interventionist technocratic line of reasoning (Mendonça 2015). Currently, Brazil is one of the countries that perform the most cesarean births in the world .…”

The insertion of the nurse midwife in delivery and birth: obstacles in a teaching hospital in the Rio de Janeiro state

“…It is appropriate to say that the clash between care models is present in obstetric care, where the nurse performs care based on the principles of humanization, while the obstetrician tends to implement, historically, practical influences by the technocratic model to the care of women, thus perpetuating "delivery as the supremacy of the technique" 20:256 . This model sums up with the idea of "man controlling nature" 20 , thus, delivery is controlled by innumerable interventions in the woman's body, such as cesarean section, episiotomy, medicalization, among Obstacles to the nurse midwife's practice Amaral RCS, Alves VH, Pereira AV, Rodrigues DP, Silva LA, Marchiori GRS others 20 . And today there is a logic of decreasing unnecessary interventions in care for women, delivery and birth, as advocated by WHO 6,7 .…”

A encenação da violência obstétrica: (dis)junções entre ficção e realidade

“…A defesa pela cesariana se baseia primeiramente no argumento de que "a cesárea feita no Brasil é a melhor do mundo!" (p. 422) (E11 43 Com uma visão oposta, médicos obstetras humanistas expõem os obstáculos que se fazem presentes para realizar o que chamam de 'mudança de paradigma', adotando novas práticas e novos valores, de acordo com a pesquisa publicada por Mendonça 44 . As vozes desses profissionais ecoam com base em subjetividades associadas à própria lógica de humanização e em evidências científicas, como revelam os depoimentos: "Minha entrada na humanização se deu muito antes de compreender o significado e a importância das evidências científicas, na condução da assistência ao parto.…”