Bandwidth-flexible ROADMs as Network Elements

Poole, Stephen; Frisken, Steve; Roelens, M.A.F.; Cameron, Craig W.

doi:10.1364/ofc.2011.otue1

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Both SBVT architectures require the utilization of guard bands between adjacent lightpaths (i.e., external guard bands) to properly perform switching along the path considering the typical resolution of optical filters [43]. Moreover, inside a super-channel, sub-carriers may require guard bands against inter-channel interference.…”

Section: Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing, Spectrum, and Transponder Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

Dallaglio

Giorgetti

Sambo

et al. 2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Backbone networks are evolving toward Elastic Optical Network (EON) architecture that allows a flexible and efficient use of spectrum resources. Flexibility in EONs is guaranteed also by emerging sliceable bandwidth variable transponders (SBVTs) that support the simultaneous generation of multiple optical carriers. Such carriers can be used to serve different lightpaths (i.e., slice-ability), or can be merged into a single high-rate super-channel.SBVTs typically use a dedicated laser to generate each carrier, i.e., multi-lasers SBVT (ML-SBVT). Alternatively, a multi-wavelength source can be used to generate multiple carriers using a single laser, i.e., multi-wavelength SBVT (MW-SBVT). Using MW-SBVT improves the super-channel spectrum efficiency. Indeed, MW-SBVT reduces the intercarrier interference among the sub-carriers composing the super-channel, thus it is possible to reduce the guard bands among sub-carriers. With ML-SBVT, each sub-carrier suffers from unstableness of the related laser and inter-carrier interference may have a huge impact, thus higher guard bands are needed. On the other hand, the use of a MW-SBVT introduces specific constraints to the routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) because the spacing among the sub-carriers is limited to a range of specific values.To take into account the constraints introduced by transponders, this paper integrates the selection of the transponder into RSA thus proposing a dynamic routing, spectrum, and transponder assignment (RSTA) scheme supporting both ML-SBVT and MW-SBVT technologies, and aiming to combine the benefits of the two technologies. Simulation results show that the proposed RSTA scheme provides benefits in terms of achieved blocking probability compared to traditional RSA schemes. Moreover, the achieved results demonstrate that by jointly using both SBVT technologies provides significant benefits with respect to the utilization of any single SBVT technology.

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Section: Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing, Spectrum, and Transponder Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

Dallaglio

Giorgetti

Sambo

et al. 2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The values of the ripples and 20-dB bandwidth listed in Table I are generally required for the network system to transmit signals with a distance of ∼ 2000 km, where 30-32 WSSs are cascaded in the optical path [1,2]. Furthermore, S. Poole et al [3] had reported that Δν = 12.5 GHz is a sufficient bandwidth-granularity for the flexible-grid WSS. This value is chosen considering the trade-offs between the spectral efficiency and system complexity in the network.…”

Section: Target Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 (a) to eliminate those undesirable effects. Further, a flexible-grid operation function [3] is strongly required for the WSS, in which the center frequency and transmission bandwidth of each channel are dynamically changed with discrete frequency steps. This function enables the efficient use of the spectral resources by routing and multiplex/demultiplexing many signals with various bandwidths and formats using the finite fiber bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS mirror with slot structures suitable for flexible-grid WSS

Sorimoto

Kawashima

Mori

et al. 2013

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We propose a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror design, which is suitable for use in a flexible-grid wavelength selective switch (WSS). In the flexible grid operation with a conventional MEMS-based WSS, the diffraction loss at the inter-mirror gap regions caused a large ripple in the transmission spectra. On the other hand, the newly introduced slot structures in each mirror can reduce the ripples by intentionally attenuating the light on the mirrors to equalize the reflectance of the entire mirrors. We optimize the slot structure aiming for the flexible-grid WSS operation with a bandwidth-granularity of 12.5 GHz. The ripples are successfully reduced to below 0.004 dB with a loss penalty of only 1.05 dB.

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“…Nevertheless, to realize the level of flexibility of the multi-carrier solutions, new network and transmission elements need to be introduced in the optical transport, implying extra capital investment. Software-defined transponders [23] and bandwidth-flexible optical nodes [24] employing spectrum-flexible Wavelength Selective Switches (SF-WSS) are the key enablers for the implementation of this architecture. The methodology presented in [25] is used to investigate the requirements in capital of the flex-grid networks over the fixed-grid solutions in correlation with the gained spectrum optimization.…”

Section: Advantages Of Mixed Line-rate and Flexible Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Flexible and Cognitive Heterogeneous Optical Networks

Tomkos

Angelou

Barroso

et al. 2012

The Future Internet

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Abstract. Optical networking is the cornerstone of the Future Internet as it provides the physical infrastructure of the core backbone networks. Recent developments have enabled much better quality of service/experience for the end users, enabled through the much higher capacities that can be supported. Furthermore, optical networking developments facilitate the reduction of complexity of operations at the IP layer and therefore reduce the latency of the connections and the expenditures to deploy and operate the networks. New research directions in optical networking promise to further advance the capabilities of the Future Internet. In this book chapter, we highlight the latest activities of the optical networking community and in particular what has been the focus of EU funded research. The concepts of flexible and cognitive optical networks are introduced and their key expected benefits are highlighted. The overall framework envisioned for the future cognitive flexible optical networks are introduced and recent developments are presented.

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Bandwidth-flexible ROADMs as Network Elements

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Routing, Spectrum, and Transponder Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

Routing, Spectrum, and Transponder Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks

MEMS mirror with slot structures suitable for flexible-grid WSS

Next Generation Flexible and Cognitive Heterogeneous Optical Networks

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