Localization of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Prohormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Brain by in Situ Hybridization*

Segerson, Thomas P.; Hoefler, Heinz; Childers, Henry; Wolfe, Hubert J.; Wu, Ping; Jackson, Ivor M. D.; Lechan, Ronald M.

doi:10.1210/endo-121-1-98

Cited by 157 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…7). These results correlate with the distribution of preproTRH mRNA in the mammalian hypothalamic region (Segerson et al 1987, Guldenaar et al 1996, Fliers et al 1998. In addition, these researchers found a small number of preproTRH mRNAcontaining cells in the human and rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Results of immunocytochemical studies in hypothyroid rats suggested that only the TRH cells in the parvocellular portion of the PVN are involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis (Nishiyama et al 1985). Data on the distribution of the preproTRH mRNA-containing cells in the human and rat hypothalamus generally agreed with immunocytochemical data (Segerson et al 1987, Guldenaar et al 1996, Fliers et al 1998. The distribution of TRH peptide in the chicken brain has also been studied in detail via immunocytochemistry (Józsa et al 1988) and radioimmunoassays (Geris et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The in situ hybridization experiments of other regions of the chicken brain (telencephalon, mesencephalon and cerebellum) did not show any positively stained cells (results not shown). It is possible that the lack of signal might be a result of the low sensitivity of our technique, since experiments in rats showed the presence of preproTRH mRNA in telencephalon and mesencephalon (Segerson et al 1987) and immunocytochemistry of the chicken brain showed the presence of biologically active TRH in extrahypothalamic regions of the brain (Józsa et al 1988).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Vandenborne

Roelens²,

Darras³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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In this paper we report the cloning of the chicken preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) cDNA and the study of its hypothalamic distribution. Chicken preproTRH contains five exact copies of the TRH progenitor sequence (Glu-His-Pro-Gly) of which only four are flanked by pairs of basic amino acids. In addition, the amino acid sequence contains three sequences that resemble the TRH progenitor sequence but seem to have lost their TRH-coding function during vertebrate evolution. The amino acid sequence homology of preproTRH between different species is very low. Nevertheless, when the tertiary structures are compared using hydrophobicity plots, the resemblance between chicken and rat prepro-TRH is striking. The cloning results also showed that the chicken preproTRH sequence includes neither a rat peptide spacer 4 (Ps4) nor a Ps5 connecting peptide.Comparison of the cDNA sequence with the chicken genome database revealed the presence of two introns, one in the 5 untranslated region, and another downstream from the translation start site. This means that the gene structure of chicken preproTRH resembles the gene stucture of this precursor in mammals. Based on the cDNA sequence, digoxigenin-labelled probes were produced to study the distribution of preproTRH in the chicken brain. By means of in situ hybridization, preproTRH mRNA was detected in the chicken paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in the lateral hypothalamus (LHy).

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Section: In Situ Hybridizationsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Vandenborne

Roelens²,

Darras³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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show abstract

“…The neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), first discovered as a hypophysiotropic hormone (Boler et al, 1969;Burgus et al, 1969), is strongly expressed in the nRt (Lechan et al, 1986;Segerson et al, 1987;Burgunder et al, 1999;Heuer et al, 2000). Furthermore, prominent TRH receptor (TRHR) expression occurs in thalamic relay nuclei (Cao et al, 1998;Heuer et al, 2000;O'Dowd et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Thalamus

Broberger¹,

McCormick²

2005

J. Neurosci.

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The activity of the thalamus is state dependent. During slow-wave sleep, rhythmic burst firing is prominent, whereas during waking or rapid eye movement sleep, tonic, single-spike activity dominates. These state-dependent changes result from the actions of modulatory neurotransmitters. In the present study, we investigated the functional and cellular effects of the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the spontaneously active ferret geniculate slice. This peptide and its receptors are prominently expressed in the thalamic network, yet the role of thalamic TRH remains obscure. Bath application of TRH resulted in a transient cessation of both spindle waves and the epileptiform slow oscillation induced by application of bicuculline. With intracellular recordings, TRH application to the GABAergic neurons of the perigeniculate (PGN) or thalamocortical cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus resulted in depolarization and increased membrane resistance. In perigeniculate neurons, this effect reversed near the reversal potential for K ϩ , suggesting that it is mediated by a decrease in K ϩ conductance. In thalamocortical cells, the TRH-induced depolarization was of sufficient amplitude to block the generation of rebound Ca 2ϩ spikes, whereas the even larger direct depolarization of PGN neurons transformed these cells from the burst to tonic, single-spike mode of action potential generation. Furthermore, application of TRH prominently enhanced the afterdepolarization that follows rebound Ca 2ϩ spikes, suggesting that this transmitter may also enhance Ca 2ϩ -activated nonspecific currents. These data suggest a novel role for TRH in the brain as an intrinsic regulator of thalamocortical network activity and provide a potential mechanism for the wake-promoting and anti-epileptic effects of this peptide.

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“…In the rat brain, pro-TRH-ir cells were more widely distributed than TRHir cells, suggesting that TRH prohormone may be differentially processed in certain regions of the brain. In situ hybridization (ISH) of mRNAs for TRH precursor and also prohormone convertase (PC) demonstrated that PC genes were coexpressed in a subset of pro-TRH-expressing neurons in the rat (Segerson et al, 1987;Pu et al, 1996) and frog (Pu et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of mRNA Encoding Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Precursor in the Brain of Sockeye Salmon

Ando

Urano

1998

Zoological Science

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ABSTRACT-The distribution of mRNA encoding thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) precursor in the brain of sockeye salmon was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry using digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes as a basis to investigate its physiological functions in the salmon brain. Since seasonal variation in TRH gene expression was expected in relation to smolting or maturation, fish were sampled in February and October. In both groups, TRH mRNA was widely distributed in discrete brain regions including the internal cellular layer (ICL) of the olfactory bulb, postcommissural nucleus of area ventralis telencephali (Vp), nucleus preopticus parvocellularis anterioris (PPa), nucleus preopticus magnocellularis, dorsal zone of periventricular hypothalamus (Hd), torus semicircularis, and also the motor nucleus of vagus nerve in the medulla oblongata. TRH neurons in ICL and Hd are round and small with diameters of 5-10 µm. In contrast, TRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the preoptic area are medium-sized (10-20 µm), and appear to have multiple processes. Most of these cells are restrictively localized along the lateral margin of the preoptic nuclei. The number of TRH neurons in Vp and PPa was smaller in February than in October, suggesting a seasonal change of TRH neurons in the preoptic area. In the medulla oblongata, a cluster of large oval-shaped cells (20-30 µm) showed signals for TRH mRNA. The present results suggest that TRH may function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator involved in olfactory activity and also autonomic motor integration, in addition to neurohormonal control of secretion of pituitary hormones.

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Localization of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Prohormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Brain by in Situ Hybridization*

Cited by 157 publications

References 28 publications

Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Cloning and hypothalamic distribution of the chicken thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor cDNA

Excitatory Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Thalamus

Localization of mRNA Encoding Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Precursor in the Brain of Sockeye Salmon

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