2018
DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0181-8
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Abstract: BackgroundThe oral cavities of snakes are replete with various types of bacterial flora. Culture-dependent studies suggest that some of the bacterial species are responsible for secondary bacterial infection associated with snakebite. A complete profile of the ophidian oral bacterial community has been unreported until now. Therefore, in the present study, we determined the complete bacterial compositions in the oral cavity of some snakes from India.MethodsTotal DNA was isolated from oral swabs collected from … Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…Finally, with the three focal snakes each possessing distinct toxins in their venom (neurotoxin, hemotoxin, and denmotoxin; Supplementary Table S1), we were interested in how our findings might relate to microbiome work in other venomous taxa. Interestingly, members of the phylum Chloroflexi were present only in the L. laticaudata and B. dendrophila mouth samples and have been found in the oral cavity of several other snake species, including the Indian cobra and king cobra, which like L. laticaudata, are both members of the snake family Elapidae (Krishnankutty et al, 2018). Given the growing interest in venomics and improving our understanding of venom evolution and antimicrobial resistance, it is critical that baseline datasets be established for the identification and understanding of host-specific microbiome composition present in venom microenvironments (Conlin et al, 2014;Adnani et al, 2017;Esmaeilishirazifard et al, 2018;Krishnankutty et al, 2018).…”
Section: Microbial Community Composition Across Host Species and Ecolmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Finally, with the three focal snakes each possessing distinct toxins in their venom (neurotoxin, hemotoxin, and denmotoxin; Supplementary Table S1), we were interested in how our findings might relate to microbiome work in other venomous taxa. Interestingly, members of the phylum Chloroflexi were present only in the L. laticaudata and B. dendrophila mouth samples and have been found in the oral cavity of several other snake species, including the Indian cobra and king cobra, which like L. laticaudata, are both members of the snake family Elapidae (Krishnankutty et al, 2018). Given the growing interest in venomics and improving our understanding of venom evolution and antimicrobial resistance, it is critical that baseline datasets be established for the identification and understanding of host-specific microbiome composition present in venom microenvironments (Conlin et al, 2014;Adnani et al, 2017;Esmaeilishirazifard et al, 2018;Krishnankutty et al, 2018).…”
Section: Microbial Community Composition Across Host Species and Ecolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, members of the phylum Chloroflexi were present only in the L. laticaudata and B. dendrophila mouth samples and have been found in the oral cavity of several other snake species, including the Indian cobra and king cobra, which like L. laticaudata, are both members of the snake family Elapidae (Krishnankutty et al, 2018). Given the growing interest in venomics and improving our understanding of venom evolution and antimicrobial resistance, it is critical that baseline datasets be established for the identification and understanding of host-specific microbiome composition present in venom microenvironments (Conlin et al, 2014;Adnani et al, 2017;Esmaeilishirazifard et al, 2018;Krishnankutty et al, 2018). Our findings add to this small but growing body of literature with the hope that future studies will be capable of testing for evidence of coevolutionary processes between mouth and venom gland microbiomes and the evolution of diverse venom systems in snakes.…”
Section: Microbial Community Composition Across Host Species and Ecolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Like Bangladesh, the Bay of Bengal rim region is currently under pressure due to invasion of human pollutants [7]. Wastes in this zone affect the physical, biological and chemical qualities of the water environment, and as such have negative impacts on human health for (e.g., pathogenic bacteria have caused typhoid fever and pediatric bloodstream infections in this area, which have been documented in hospitals [8]).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are many people living around this area and, as such, this zone is controlled by both natural and human pressures. Most importantly, the diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities in this area are still not known [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The snake mouth is colonized by bacteria that can be transmitted to the bitten patient through the skin injury associated with the bite [3,[10][11][12]. Inoculation of bacteria from the mouth, fangs, or venom following snakebite can cause local infection with abscess and necrotizing fasciitis in most severe cases [13].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%