Estimating Mediated Effects in Prevention Studies

MacKinnon, David P.; Dwyer, James H.

doi:10.1177/0193841x9301700202

Cited by 1,689 publications

(1,347 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Stone and Sobel (1990), MacKinnon and Dwyer (1993), and MacKinnon et al (1995, 2002 have shown through simulation studies that for large samples (>200) the estimators 2a and 2b are close to the parameter they estimate. These standard error estimates are often used to test whether the indirect effect is different from zero through z statistics 7 and to construct confidence intervals.…”

Section: Estimating and Testing Direct And Indirect Pathsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.

Shrout¹,

Bolger²

2002

Psychological Methods

9,035

125

7,075

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Mediation is said to occur when a causal effect of some variable X on an outcome Y is explained by some intervening variable M. The authors recommend that with small to moderate samples, bootstrap methods (B. Efron & R. Tibshirani, 1993) be used to assess mediation. Bootstrap tests are powerful because they detect that the sampling distribution of the mediated effect is skewed away from 0. They argue that R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny's (1986) recommendation of first testing the X → Y association for statistical significance should not be a requirement when there is a priori belief that the effect size is small or suppression is a possibility. Empirical examples and computer setups for bootstrap analyses are provided.

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Section: Estimating and Testing Direct And Indirect Pathsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.

Shrout¹,

Bolger²

2002

Psychological Methods

9,035

125

7,075

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We therefore included the predictor and the mediator variable in the same analysis. To determine the degree of mediation, the Sobel test was used (Sobel 1982) as well as the formula by Mackinnon and Dwyer (1993) to calculate the percentage of the total effect that was mediated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms in later life: differential impact of social support and motivational processes on depression in individuals with and without cognitive impairment

et al. 2014

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This study investigates the role of a motivational process based on a composite of four subcomponents (self-efficacy, decision regulation, activation regulation and motivation regulation), as a mediator of the relationship between social support and depression assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale in cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals. Participants were 229 adults with a mean age of 74 years (range: 52-94 years). The sample comprised 64 participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 47 participants diagnosed with earlystage Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a group of 118 participants without any cognitive impairment. In this crosssectional study, bivariate correlations and linear regression models were used to assess the association between the predictor variables and depression. Linear regression models were controlled for age, gender, education, cognitive status, cognitive impairment and activities. In the total Based on these findings, it can be argued that the impact of social support on depressive symptoms is attenuated by cerebral deterioration in cognitively impaired individuals, while motivational processes remain relevant.

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“…Three regression models were estimated to examine potential mediated effects (MacKinnon & Dwyer, 1993). Maternal depression status was entered in the first step for all analyses to control for its impact on youth depression.…”

Section: Mediation Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from Models 2 and 3 for each potential mediator are presented in Table III. Mediated effects (αβ) were tested for all potential mediators using Sobel's (1982) product coefficient method (MacKinnon & Dwyer, 1993).…”

Section: Mediation Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

Eberhart

Shih

Hammen

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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This study examined sex differences in risk factors associated with adolescent depression in a large sample of boys and girls. Moderation and mediation explanatory models of the sex difference in likelihood of depression were examined. Findings indicate that the factors associated with depression in adolescent boys and girls are quite similar. All of the variables considered were associated with depression, but sex did not moderate the impact of vulnerability factors on likelihood of depression diagnosis. However, negative self-perceptions in the domains of achievement, global self-worth, and physical appearance partially mediated the relationship between sex and depression. Further, girls had higher levels of positive self-perceptions in interpersonal domains that acted as suppressors and reduced the likelihood of depression in girls. These findings suggest that girls' higher incidence of depression is due in part to their higher levels of negative self-perceptions, whereas positive interpersonal factors serve to protect them from depressive episodes.

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Estimating Mediated Effects in Prevention Studies

Cited by 1,689 publications

References 20 publications

Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.

Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.

Depressive symptoms in later life: differential impact of social support and motivational processes on depression in individuals with and without cognitive impairment

Understanding the Sex Difference in Vulnerability to Adolescent Depression: An Examination of Child and Parent Characteristics

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