Dengue in Araraquara, state of São Paulo: epidemiology, climate and Aedes aegypti infestation

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of dengue in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo.METHODS Data, such as circulating serotypes, severe cases and deaths, age group, sex, among others, were obtained on reported and confirmed dengue cases in Araraquara, state of São Paulo, between 1991 and 2015. Climatic and infestation data were also analyzed. These variables were evaluated descriptively, using statistical measures such as frequencies, averages, minimum and maximum. Dengue incidence rates were calculated according to month, year, age and sex, and time series of dengue cases, infestation, and climatic variables.RESULTS Approximately 16,500 cases of dengue fever were reported between 1991 and 2015. The highest number of reports was recorded in 2015 (7,811 cases). In general, the age group with the highest number of reports is between 20 and 59 years old. The highest incidences, generally between March and May, occurred after the increase in rainfall and infestation in January.CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of infestation due to rainfall are reflected in incidence rates of the disease. It is fundamental to know the epidemiology of dengue in medium-sized cities. Such information can be extended to diseases such as Zika and Chikungunya, which are transmitted by the same vector and were reported in the city. The intensification of surveillance efforts in periods before epidemics could be a strategy to be considered to control the viral spread.

Climate Variability and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

“…This corresponds to the rainfall seasonality pattern in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia where the wet season lies from October to April, where heaviest rainfall occurs towards the end of the wet season in April. From a study in São Paulo, Brazil, there was an increment of dengue cases as a result from elevated rainfall in previous months [71]. The incidence rate is presented in a seasonal trend, showing a similar pattern between rainfall and the dengue incidence in several other studies [72], [73], indicating a consistency in the results of this study.…”

Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil

“…Several aspects favor the proliferation of Ae. aegypti, being the predominant climatic factors, mainly due to the occurrence of rain [62,63]. However, in many municipalities of Northeast Brazil, especially in places with deficiency in the supply of water, the proliferation of Ae.…”

Características da epidemia de dengue em Pinhalzinho, Santa Catarina, 2015-2016*

“…With regard to sex, higher numbers of cases recorded among females have also been found in other studies. [9][10][11][12] This pattern may be related to Ae. Aegypti distribution, principally inside and around households, 13 these being environments frequented more by females; or also to the fact of women seeking health services and medical care.…”

“…Aegypti distribution, principally inside and around households, 13 these being environments frequented more by females; or also to the fact of women seeking health services and medical care. [9][10][11] A greater incidence coefficient was also found in older people aged 50 or more. This finding diverges from patterns reported by other studies conducted in Brazil, whereby this coefficient is greater among young adults, particularly in the 20-49 age group.…”