Plant roots sense soil compaction through restricted ethylene diffusion

Pandey, Bharati; Huang, Guoqiang; Bhosale, Rahul; Hartman, Sjon; Sturrock, Craig J.; Jose, Lottie; Martin, O. C.; Karády, Michal; Voesenek, L.A.C.J.; Ljung, Karin; Lynch, Jonathan P.; Brown, Kathleen M.; Whalley, W. R.; Mooney, Sacha J.; Zhang, Dabing; Bennett, Malcolm

doi:10.1126/science.abf3013

Cited by 151 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…A critical trait related with water deficit tolerance is the root adaptation capacity to keep growing and exploring the soil in a new hydric condition [1][2][3][4]. Even though it is critical for plant survival, root growth adaptation during this stressful condition is not well understood [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Cuadrado-Pedetti¹,

Rauschert

Sainz³

et al. 2021

Genes

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Mutations in the Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1) gene cause reduced tolerance to osmotic stress evidenced by an arrest in root growth and root swelling, which makes it an interesting model to explore how root growth is controlled under stress conditions. We found that osmotic stress reduced the growth rate of the primary root by inhibiting the cell elongation in the elongation zone followed by a reduction in the number of cortical cells in the proximal meristem. We then studied the stiffness of epidermal cell walls in the root elongation zone of ttl1 mutants under osmotic stress using atomic force microscopy. In plants grown in control conditions, the mean apparent elastic modulus was 448% higher for live Col-0 cell walls than for ttl1 (88.1 ± 2.8 vs. 16.08 ± 6.9 kPa). Seven days of osmotic stress caused an increase in the stiffness in the cell wall of the cells from the elongation zone of 87% and 84% for Col-0 and ttl1, respectively. These findings suggest that TTL1 may play a role controlling cell expansion orientation during root growth, necessary for osmotic stress adaptation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Cuadrado-Pedetti¹,

Rauschert

Sainz³

et al. 2021

Genes

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“…We suggest that ethylene functions as a stop signal for root growth when axial roots become impeded (Pandey et al 2021). When larger volumes of impeded soil cause a prolonged production of ethylene, this will signal axial root growth to stop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic variation in soil penetration by maize roots is negatively related to ethylene-induced thickening

Vanhees

Schneider

Loades

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Radial expansion is a classic response of roots to mechanical impedance that has generally been assumed to aid penetration. We analysed the response of maize nodal roots to impedance to test the hypothesis that radial expansion is not related to the ability of roots to cross a compacted soil layer. Genotypes varied in their ability to cross the compacted layer, and those with a steeper approach to the compacted layer or less radial expansion in the compacted layer were more likely to cross the layer and achieve greater depth. Root radial expansion was due to cortical cell size expansion, while cortical cell file number remained constant. Genotypes and nodal root classes that exhibited radial expansion upon encountering the compacted soil layer also thickened in response to exogenous ethylene in hydroponic culture, i.e. radial expansion in response to ethylene was correlated with the thickening response to impedance in soil. We propose that ethylene insensitive roots, i.e. those that do not thicken and are able to overcome impedance, have a competitive advantage under mechanically impeded conditions as they can maintain their elongation rates. We suggest that prolonged exposure to ethylene could function as a stop signal for axial root growth.

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“…The importance of split doses of N and S in salinity tolerance was delineated in the study of Jahan et al [ 5 ]. Excess ethylene has been found to restrict nutrient absorption by the root as reported by Pandey et al [ 35 ]. They reported that in compacted soil, ethylene concentration in the root tissues increases and activates cellular signaling cascades that stop root growth and productive nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Jahan

Iqbal

Fatma

et al. 2021

Plants

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In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.

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Plant roots sense soil compaction through restricted ethylene diffusion

Cited by 151 publications

References 24 publications

The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Genotypic variation in soil penetration by maize roots is negatively related to ethylene-induced thickening

Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

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