The association between higher maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and increased birth weight, adiposity and inflammation in the newborn

McCloskey, Kate; Ponsonby, Anne–Louise; Collier, Fiona; Allen, Katie; Tang, Mimi L.K.; Carlin, John B.; Saffery, Richard; Skilton, Michael R.; Cheung, Michael; Ranganathan, Sarath; Dwyer, Terence; Burgner, David; Vuillermin, Peter

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12187

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our findings, that maternal BMI and excess gestational weight gain were positively associated with neonatal anthropometric measures and adiposity, are consistent with findings from other groups . The HAPO study showed that in neonates born to women with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, excess maternal gestational weight gain was associated with increased neonatal sum of skinfolds and percentage body fat .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and diabetes are positively associated with neonatal adiposity in the Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) study

et al. 2019

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Summary Background In‐utero exposures likely influence the onset and severity of obesity in youth. With increasing rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and maternal adiposity in pregnancy globally, it is important to assess the impact of these factors on neonatal adipose measures. Objectives To evaluate the contribution of maternal ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and hyperglycaemia to neonatal adiposity. Methods Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) is a longitudinal cohort study of Australian mother and neonate pairs. In this analysis, Indigenous (n = 519) and Europid (n = 358) women were included, of whom 644 had hyperglycaemia (type 2 diabetes [T2DM], diabetes in pregnancy [DIP], or gestational diabetes [GDM]). Associations between maternal ethnicity, hyperglycaemia, BMI and gestational weight gain, and the neonatal outcomes of length, head circumference, sum of skinfolds, total body fat, and percentage body fat were examined. Models were adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, parity, education, neonatal gender, and gestational age. Results Among those with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, Indigenous women had a higher proportion of T2DM and DIP (36%, 13%) compared with Europid women (4%, 3%). In multivariate analysis, maternal T2DM (compared with no hyperglycaemia), BMI during pregnancy, and excess compared with appropriate gestational weight gain, were significantly associated with greater neonatal measures. DIP was associated with greater sum of skinfolds, total body fat, and percentage body fat. Indigenous ethnicity was associated with greater sum of skinfolds. Conclusions Maternal BMI, excess gestational weight gain, and hyperglycaemia operated as independent factors influencing neonatal adiposity. Interventions addressing these factors are needed to reduce neonatal adiposity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and diabetes are positively associated with neonatal adiposity in the Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) study

et al. 2019

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“…Very high maternal BMI (>35) has been associated with elevated systemic levels of inflammatory mediators, notably TNF and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the cord plasma. 81,82 In addition to these canonical inflammatory markers, maternal BMI is also a strong indicator of cord blood levels of malondialdehyde and NO, contributing to increased oxidative stress in the newborn. 83 In agreement with this hypothesis, transcriptional studies in cord blood have demonstrated elevated expression of genes involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling with high maternal BMI, independent of offspring adiposity.…”

Section: Impact Of Maternal Obesity On Phenotypic and Functional Chanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor ex vivo monocyte responses in the offspring with pregravid obesity could potentially be tied to an altered inflammatory intrauterine environment. Very high maternal BMI (>35) has been associated with elevated systemic levels of inflammatory mediators, notably TNFα and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the cord plasma . In addition to these canonical inflammatory markers, maternal BMI is also a strong indicator of cord blood levels of malondialdehyde and NO, contributing to increased oxidative stress in the newborn .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming

Sureshchandra

Marshall

Messaoudi

2019

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Maternal pregravid obesity results in several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and complications at delivery. Additionally, pregravid obesity and in utero exposure to high fat diet have been shown to have detrimental effects on fetal programming, predisposing the offspring to adverse cardiometabolic, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, a deeper appreciation for the modulation of offspring immunity and infectious disease‐related outcomes by maternal pregravid obesity has emerged. This review will describe currently available animal models for studying the impact of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal immunity and review the data from clinical and animal model studies. We also examine the burden of pregravid obesity on the maternal–fetal interface and the link between placental and systemic inflammation. Finally, we discuss future studies needed to identify key mechanistic underpinnings that link maternal inflammatory changes and fetal cellular reprogramming events.

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“…Each kg/ m 2 increase in pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with a −0.50% (95% CI, −0.83 to −0.17; p = 0.003) shorter cord blood TL and a −0.66% (95% CI, −1.06 to −0.25; p = 0.002) shorter placental TL [101]. Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was also associated with increased newborn adiposity and inflammation [115]. Nonetheless, with adequate preventive measures maternal obesity could be reduced.…”

Section: Maternal Pre-pregnancy Bmimentioning

confidence: 94%

Telomere length determinants in childhood

Gorenjak

Petrelis

Stathopoulou

et al. 2019

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Telomere length (TL) is a dynamic marker that reflects genetic predispositions together with the environmental conditions of an individual. It is closely related to longevity and a number of pathological conditions. Even though the extent of telomere research in children is limited compared to that of adults, there have been a substantial number of studies providing first insights into child telomere biology and determinants. Recent discoveries revealed evidence that TL is, to a great extent, determined already in childhood and that environmental conditions in adulthood have less impact than first believed. Studies have demonstrated that large inter-individual differences in TL are present among newborns and are determined by diverse factors that influence intrauterine development. The first years of child growth are associated with high cellular turnover, which results in fast shortening of telomeres. The rate of telomere loss becomes stable in early adulthood. In this review article we summarise the existing knowledge on telomere dynamics during the first years of childhood, highlighting the conditions that affect newborn TL. We also warn about the knowledge gaps that should be filled to fully understand the regulation of telomeres, in order to implement them as biomarkers for use in diagnostics or treatment.

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The association between higher maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and increased birth weight, adiposity and inflammation in the newborn

Abstract: Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with increased newborn adiposity and inflammation. These associations may be partially mediated by maternal inflammation during pregnancy.

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Maternal body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and diabetes are positively associated with neonatal adiposity in the Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) study

Maternal body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and diabetes are positively associated with neonatal adiposity in the Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) study

Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming

Telomere length determinants in childhood

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