Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Impact of Two Doses of Subcutaneous Recombinant Interleukin-2 on Viral Burden in Patients With HIV-1 Infection and CD4+ Cell Counts of ≥300/mm3: CPCRA 059

CD8 apoptosis may be a predictor of T cell number normalization after immune reconstitution in HIV

“…It has been suggested that proliferation, as measured by Ki67 staining, found in cells in the SG 2 M phase of the cell cycle, is similar to measurements of activation using CD38 and DR expression [27]. Hence, the better long-term outcome in those with less apoptosis might be due to less inherent activation of cells from these patients [28,29]. In the one IL-2 long-term non-responder patient studied by Kovacs, et al [4], the DNA turnover of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells remained high, even after 22 cycles of scIL-2, indicating that chronic activation in some people is not relieved by IL-2 therapy.…”

Prospects for antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) therapies for HIV

“…These three deleterious effects of HIV-1 infection are potentially reversible with the administration of recombinant IL-2 [80] . Clinical trials have shown that HIV-1 patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy with IL-2 supplement show both significant increases in the number of their CD4+ cells and significant decreases in HIV/AIDS-related morbidity as compared with patients receiving the same therapy without IL-2 supplement [81-88]. …”

Immunotherapies in HIV-1 infection

“…and more recently 5-day cycles of twice daily (b.i.d.) subcutaneous dosing with cART result in substantial and significantly higher CD4 þ T cell rises than those achieved with cART alone [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The predominant expansion of the naïve CD4 þ T-cell pool is facilitated by the selective induction of the a chain (CD25) of the high affinity IL-2 receptor complex on CD4 þ T cells [36] in the absence of sustained increases in plasma HIV RNA levels [36,38,39,41].…”