A Retrospective Survey of Enteric Infections In Active Duty Navy and Marine Corps Personnel

Pazzaglia, G; Walker, Richard I.

doi:10.1093/milmed/147.1.27

Cited by 5 publications

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“…1974-1978 (RATES PER 100,000 AVERAGE STRENGTH)* * Reprinted by permission from Pazzaglia, G. and Pastemack, M., J. Infect. Dis., 134: 766, 1982 1 Adjusted for age, race, sex using the indirect method with the total Navy/Marine Corps Rates as the standard 2 Adjusted for age and race using the indirect method with the total Navy/Marine Corps Rates as the standard 3 Adjusted for age and sex using the indirect method with the total Navy/Marine Corps Rates as standard 4 Too few cases for a meaningful rate enlisted personnel were found to be 48 per cent higher than for officers (P < .0001). Admissions due to unspecified pneumonias showed the greatest consistent differences between officers and enlisted personnel when data were grouped by specific ICDA-8 categories, with enlisted personnel averaging twice the admission rate of officers in this category.…”

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Recent Trends of Pneumonia Morbidity in US Naval Personnel

Pazzaglia

Pasternack

1983

Military Medicine

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urrently, respiratory diseases account for 25-30 per cent of the total infectious and parasitic disease admissions among active duty Navy and Marine Corps (henceforth naval) personnel. Among these admissions, the greatest medical cause of lost workdays is pneumonia, due both to its frequency of diagnosis and to the relatively long hospitalization period associated with this disease. Because of the diversity of pathogens associated with the pneumonia syndrome, pertinent epidemiological information is difficult to extract from clinical observation or health surveys, except in the most general sense. A closed system of health care, such as that provided by the Navy, offers an opportunity to evaluate the significance of this disease in terms of its epidemiology, and to identify new areas for research which will further our understanding of factors contributing to patterns of pneumonia occurrence. The data available for study were hospital admission records of active duty naval personnel with primary diagnoses of pneumonia. By calculating and comparing specific admission rates for pneumonia, we identified high risk groups within the population and the temporal trends associated with morbidity. Methods The admission records included all active duty Navy and Marine Corps patients for whom inpatient care was carried to completion at a naval medical treatment facility, or who were discharged from the facility without intent of transfer for continued inpatient care at another Armed Forces facility. Pneumonia admissions were categorized according to the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases Adapted for Use in the United States (ICDA-8). The period of study for age, race, and sex adjusted admission rates was 1974-1978, and 1970-1979 for unadjusted rates. The data base for this project was established from information retrievals done with the computer system files of the NMDSC. Admission records were retrieved for specific diagnoses along with the selected variables of race, sex, age at admission, and branch of Service. Overall annual admissions rates by disease category, and selected age, race, and sex specific rates were computed. When appropriate, admission rates were ad-From the

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Recent Trends of Pneumonia Morbidity in US Naval Personnel

Pazzaglia

Pasternack

1983

Military Medicine

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“…Studies have shown considerable loss of person-hours because of traveler's diarrhea among U.S. military personnel during deployment. 1,2 During Operation Desert Shield, 57% of the surveyed troops had 1 or more episodes of diarrhea, and 20% were unable to perform their duties due to diarrhea. 3 In a study conducted aboard the U.S.S.…”

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Norwalk-like virus and bacterial pathogens associated with cases of gastroenteritis onboard a US Navy ship.

Oyofo¹,

Soderquist²,

Lesmana³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In addition, diarrhea is the major cause of nonbattle injury [6,7] . The life style, sanitary system, and appliance of foreign armies are quite different from our army, therefore, the results from their study cannot be applied to our army [8][9][10][11][12][13] . To probe into the epidemic features, pathogen spectrum and the main risk factors of diarrhea during an emergency period and to provide the basis for taking preventive and therapeutic measures, we carried out an initial study during an army exercising in a coastal training field in southern China.…”

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Acute diarrhea during army field exercise in southern China

Bai

Dai²,

Li³

et al. 2004

WJG

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AIM: During emergency period, infectious diseases can be a major threat to military forces. During field training in southern China, diarrhea is the main cause of nonbattle injury. To evaluate the causes of and risk factors for diarrhea in emergency period, we collected clinical and epidemiological data from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during field training in southern China. METHODS:From September 25 to October 2 1997, 2636 military personnel were investigated. Fecal sample cultures for lapactic pathogens were obtained from 103 military personnel with diarrhea. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 103 cases and 206 controls to evaluate the association between illness and potential risk factors. At the same time, another questionnaire of 1:4 case-case control was administered to 22 severe cases (each severe case paired 4 mild cases). RESULTS:The training troop's diarrhea incidence rate was significantly higher than that of garrison. The diarrhea incidence rate of officers was significantly lower than that of soldiers. A lapactic pathogen was identified in 63.1% (65/103) of the troops with diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (35.0%) and plesiomona shigelloides (16.5%) were the most common bacterial pathogens. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin and ceftazidine. However, almost all of them were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, furazolidone, ampicillin and cloromycetin to a different degree. Risk factors associated with diarrhea included drinking raw water, eating outside, contacting diarrhea patients, lacking sanitation, depression, lacking sleep, which were established by multiple-factor logistic regression analysis. In addition, the unit incidence rate was associated with the density of flies and the average daily boiled water available by regression and discriminate analysis. CONCLUSION:A series of risk factors are associated with the incidence rate of diarrhea. Our results may provide a useful basis for prevention and cure of diarrhea in emergency period of PLA.

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A Retrospective Survey of Enteric Infections In Active Duty Navy and Marine Corps Personnel

Cited by 5 publications

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Recent Trends of Pneumonia Morbidity in US Naval Personnel

Recent Trends of Pneumonia Morbidity in US Naval Personnel

Norwalk-like virus and bacterial pathogens associated with cases of gastroenteritis onboard a US Navy ship.

Acute diarrhea during army field exercise in southern China

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