Abstract:The mainstay of pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment is inhalers, consisting of bronchodilators, both long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting beta agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids. While the muscarinic antagonists and beta agonists act to open up the airways and have bronchodilating effects on smooth muscle thus decreasing breathlessness, inhaled corticosteroids dampen down the inflammatory process. COPD is considered a systemic disease and is asso… Show more
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