Dynamics of leaf and spikelet primordia initiation in wheat as affected by Ppd-1a alleles under field conditions

Ochagavía, Helga; Prieto, Paula; Savin, Roxana; Griffiths, Simon; Slafer, Gustavo A.

doi:10.1093/jxb/ery104

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Multiple MTAs were identified associated with phenology and phenological patterns on different chromosomes of which the ones associated with DTA and DTInB in 2A have been previously mapped by (Bordes et al ., ) which are <1 c M (centimorgan) of our markers. However, we also demonstrate a novel pleiotropic MTA on 3D that suggests a link between phenological development and spikelet number, an occurrence that has been linked previously with allelic diversity of Ppd‐1 effecting spikelet formation (Ochagavía et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

Molero

Joynson

Piñera-Chávez

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary One of the major challenges for plant scientists is increasing wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) yield potential ( YP ). A significant bottleneck for increasing YP is achieving increased biomass through optimization of radiation use efficiency ( RUE ) along the crop cycle. Exotic material such as landraces and synthetic wheat has been incorporated into breeding programmes in an attempt to alleviate this; however, their contribution to YP is still unclear. To understand the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and RUE , we applied genome‐wide association study ( GWAS ) to a panel of 150 elite spring wheat genotypes including many landrace and synthetically derived lines. The panel was evaluated for 31 traits over 2 years under optimal growing conditions and genotyped using the 35K wheat breeders array. Marker‐trait association identified 94 SNP s significantly associated with yield, agronomic and phenology‐related traits along with RUE and final biomass ( BM _ PM ) at various growth stages that explained 7%–17% of phenotypic variation. Common SNP markers were identified for grain yield, BM _ PM and RUE on chromosomes 5A and 7A. Additionally, landrace and synthetic derivative lines showed higher thousand grain weight ( TGW ), BM _ PM and RUE but lower grain number ( GM 2) and harvest index ( HI ). Our work demonstrates the use of exotic material as a valuable resource to increase YP . It also provides markers for use in marker‐assisted breeding to systematically increase BM _ PM , RUE and TGW and avoid the TGW / GM 2 and BM _ PM / HI trade‐off. Thus, achieving greater genetic gains in elite germplasm while also highlighting genomic regions and candidate genes for further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

Molero

Joynson

Piñera-Chávez

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…In other words, although ppd-A1B1D1 genotypes may slow the rate of spikelet primordia, this effect is counter-balanced by an extension of spikelet primordia formation. Consistent with this hypothesis, Ppd-1, Eps and FT1 genes were reported to influence spikelet number by altering the rate of spikelet initiation (Prieto et al, 2019;Dixon et al, 2018;Ochagavía et al, 2018). Further work will be needed to investigate the mechanism of the spikelet initiation in more details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Finally, NILs (Ppd-A1aB1aD1a) triggered floral degeneration. The allelic status of the Ppd-1 loci clearly control the rate of spikelet/floret primordia development Ochagavía et al, 2018), further supporting an intrinsic role for Ppd-1 in spike development. The intrinsic effect of Ppd-1 may also explain its effect on floral degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Ppd-1Remodels Spike Architecture by Regulating Floral Development in wheat

Liu

Zhang

Melzer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The determination of spike architecture is critical to grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum), yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we measured 51 traits associated with spike architecture and floral development in 197 wheat accessions with photoperiod sensitive and insensitive alleles. We included five distinct allele combinations at the Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) loci. A systematic dissection of all recorded phenotypes revealed connections between floral development, spike architecture and grain yield. Modifying the durations of spikelet primordia initiation did not necessarily affect spikelet number. In addition, Ppd-1 loci clearly influenced rachis dry weight, pointing to the rachis vascular system as a potential target for higher yield. Ppd-1 displayed opposite effects on the durations of pre and post-anthesis phases. Ppd-1 controlled carpel size, but not anther size. Finally, the photoperiod-insensitive alleles of Ppd-1 triggered floral degeneration. In parallel, we profiled the spike transcriptome at six stages and four positions in three Ppd-1 genotypes which consists of 234 samples. Integrating phenotypic and expression data suggested that loss of function in Ppd-1 loci delayed floral degeneration by regulating autophagy and extended floret development by regulating genes in different families. Therefore, we concluded that Ppd-1 remodels spike architecture by regulating floral development in wheat. Appleyard, 1987). During WA stage, the meristematic dome initiates 7-9 floret primordia within each individual spikelet (1-3 primordia fewer than the maximum number) (Kirby and Appleyard, 1987). The lemmas of florets 1 and 2 at the base of the spikelet completely enclose the anther and ovary (Kirby and Appleyard, 1987). At the GA stage, the meristematic dome completes the initiation of floret primordia, so that after this stage no more floret primordia will be produced ; the glumes almost completely cover all but the tips of the florets. The spike length peaks at the YA stage (Guo et al., 2018); glumes are fully formed, and the lemmas of the first three florets are visible. At the TP stage, the first awn is visible (Zadoks et al., 1974), at HD stage, half of the spike emerges from the last leaf blade (Zadoks et al., 1974). Finally, at the AN stage, yellow anthers appear along the spike (Zadoks et al., 1974).Spike architecture is a complicated trait, that is determined by multiple factors. Spike fertility index (i.e. the ratio between grain number per spike and weight of spike chaff) is a critical metric of assimilate distribution between grains and spike chaff (e.g. glume, lemma, palea, rachis). Grain number per spikelet along the main inflorescence also influences spike shape. Spikelet density (the ratio between spike length and spikelet number) also indicates spike compactness. Spikelet fertility (the ratio between fertile and total spikelet number) informs on the proportion of aborted spikelets. In addition, grain size traits (thousand-kernel weight-TKW, grain area, grain width, grain le...

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“…Gain‐of‐function photoperiod‐insensitive alleles of Ppd‐1 were shown recently to reduce the number of spikelets that form on an inflorescence, which is caused by a shortened duration of early developmental stages that can be only partially compensated by an increased rate of spikelet initiation (Ochagavía et al ) (Figure ). Moreover, FT‐B1 ( FT1 from the B genome of bread wheat) acts downstream of Ppd‐1 to influence spikelet number, with loss of FT‐B1 resulting in increased spikelet number, in a thermally‐responsive manner (Dixon et al ; Finnegan et al ) (Figure ).…”

Section: Beyond Domestication: a New Branch Of Understanding For Inflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic pathways controlling inflorescence architecture and development in wheat and barley

Gauley

Boden²

2019

JIPB

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Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. Investigation of the genes and alleles that underpin domestication‐related traits has provided valuable insights into the molecular regulation of inflorescence development of the Triticeae, and further investigation of modified forms of architecture are proving to be equally fruitful. The identified genes are involved in diverse biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, post‐transcriptional and post‐translational regulation, which alter inflorescence architecture by modifying the development and fertility of lateral organs, called spikelets and florets. Recent advances in sequencing capabilities and the generation of mutant populations are accelerating the identification of genes that influence inflorescence development, which is important given that genetic variation for this trait promises to be a valuable resource for optimizing grain production. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in wheat and barley, with the aim of highlighting the importance of improvements in developmental biology for optimizing the agronomic performance of staple crop plants.

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Dynamics of leaf and spikelet primordia initiation in wheat as affected by Ppd-1a alleles under field conditions

Abstract: Wheat Ppd-1a alleles did not affect leaf initiation but accelerated spikelet initiation, which partially compensated for the reduction in spikelet number due to a shorter period of spikelet initiation.

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

Ppd-1Remodels Spike Architecture by Regulating Floral Development in wheat

Genetic pathways controlling inflorescence architecture and development in wheat and barley

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