On Aphasia (1885)

Lichtheim, Ludwig

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177640.003.0020

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Wernicke incorporated Broca's findings with his own cases and proposed a novel model of language processing that included the notion that language functions could also be disrupted after injury to the connecting pathways (e.g., the arcuate fasciculus) that transferred information from Wernicke's to Broca's areas. Wernicke's model of language, later modified by Lichtheim (1885) and renewed by Geschwind (1965), forms the basis of most models of language published in textbooks today.…”

Section: Historical Studies Of Language Disorders and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Language Disorders Reveal about Brain–Language Relationships? From Classic Models to Network Approaches

Dronkers

Ivanova

Baldo

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Studies of language disorders have shaped our understanding of brain-language relationships over the last two centuries. This article provides a review of this research and how our thinking has changed over the years regarding how the brain processes language. In the 19th century, a series of famous case studies linked distinct speech and language functions to specific portions of the left hemisphere of the brain, regions that later came to be known as Broca's and Wernicke's areas. One hundred years later, the emergence of new brain imaging tools allowed for the visualization of brain injuries in vivo that ushered in a new era of brain-behavior research and greatly expanded our understanding of the neural processes of language. Toward the end of the 20th century, sophisticated neuroimaging approaches allowed for the visualization of both structural and functional brain activity associated with language processing in both healthy individuals and in those with language disturbance. More recently, language is thought to be mediated by a much broader expanse of neural networks that covers a large number of cortical and subcortical regions and their interconnecting fiber pathways. Injury to both grey and white matter has been seen to affect the complexities of language in unique ways that have altered how we think about brain-language relationships. The findings that support this paradigm shift are described here along with the methodologies that helped to discover them, with some final thoughts on future directions, techniques, and treatment interventions for those with communication impairments. (JINS, 2017, 23, 741-754)

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Section: Historical Studies Of Language Disorders and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Language Disorders Reveal about Brain–Language Relationships? From Classic Models to Network Approaches

Dronkers

Ivanova

Baldo

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…The approach is developed in detail for music in Stewart et al (2006) Second, an approach based on the exact specification of normal models will allow greater understanding of the effects of lesions in terms of their effects on connectivity between nodes in networks as well as the effects on the nodes themselves. Network models of auditory analysis incorporating connectivity go back to models such as the 1885 Lichteim model for speech (Lichtheim, 1885), based on an analysis Table 2 Intrinsic and modulator connection strengths for model 1 (optimal serial model) of the effect of stroke on the speech network: here abnormal function allows inference about normal function and the approach is still valid today (Peretz and Coltheart, 2003). We now have the ability to define the normal networks for auditory analysis with much more precision to allow prediction of the effect of lesions, so that knowledge of normal function can now allow inference about abnormal function.…”

Section: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the cortical analysis of auditory objects

et al. 2007

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We describe work that addresses the cortical basis for the analysis of auditory objects using 'generic' sounds that do not correspond to any particular events or sources (like vowels or voices) that have semantic association. The experiments involve the manipulation of synthetic sounds to produce systematic changes of stimulus features, such as spectral envelope.Conventional analyses of normal functional imaging data demonstrate that the analysis of spectral envelope and perceived timbral change involves a network consisting of planum temporale (PT) bilaterally and the right superior temporal sulcus (STS). Further analysis of imaging data using dynamic causal modelling (DCM) and Bayesian model selection was carried out in the right hemisphere areas to determine the effective connectivity between these auditory areas. Specifically, the objective was to determine if the analysis of spectral envelope in the network is done in a serial fashion (that is from HG to PT to STS) or parallel fashion (that is PT and STS receives input from HG simultaneously). Two families of models, serial and parallel (16 in total) that represent different hypotheses about the connectivity between HG, PT and STS were selected. The models within a family differ with respect to the pathway that is modulated by the analysis of spectral envelope. After the models are identified, Bayesian model selection procedure is then used to select the 'optimal' model from the specified models. The data strongly support a particular serial model containing modulation of the HG to PT effective connectivity during spectral envelope variation.Parallel work in neurological subjects addresses the effect of lesions to different parts of this network. We have recently studied in detail subjects with 'dystimbria': an alteration in the perceived quality of auditory objects distinct from pitch or loudness change. The subjects have lesions of the normal network described above with normal perception of pitch strength but abnormal perception of the analysis of spectral envelope change.

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“…The first functional model of language, proposed by Lichtheim in 1885, 4 was an attempt to explain linguistic processing within this left temporofrontal network, giving an account of a wide range of known aphasic symptoms. The novelty of Lichtheim's approach was to define language syndromes in terms of damage to the components of the model, in the same way as neuropsychologists nowadays do with the large spectrum of sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits affecting brain-damaged patients.…”

Section: Classical Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorders of Higher Cortical Function

Berti¹,

Garbarini²,

Neppi-Mòdona³

2015

Neurobiology of Brain Disorders

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Any queries or remarks that have arisen during the processing of your manuscript are listed below and are highlighted by flags in the proof. (AU indicates author queries; ED indicates editor queries; and TS/TY indicates typesetter queries.) Please check your proof carefully and answer all AU queries. Mark all corrections and query answers at the appropriate place in the proof (e.g., by using on-screen annotations in the PDF file http://www.elsevier.com/book-authors/science-and-technology-book-publishing/ overview-of-the-publishing-process) or compile them in a separate list, and tick off below to indicate that you have answered the query.Please return your input as instructed by the project manager. Location in Chapter Query / remark No Query Neurobiology of Brain Disorders

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On Aphasia (1885)

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

What Do Language Disorders Reveal about Brain–Language Relationships? From Classic Models to Network Approaches

What Do Language Disorders Reveal about Brain–Language Relationships? From Classic Models to Network Approaches

Approaches to the cortical analysis of auditory objects

Disorders of Higher Cortical Function

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