Industrial and brackish water treatment with closed circuit reverse osmosis

Stover, Richard L.

doi:10.1080/19443994.2012.699341

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…While the pressure along the entire flow path of a continuous RO system must be maintained at a value above the maximum osmotic pressure of the brine, the pressure in a CCRO process varies over time with the osmotic pressure of the feed (Stover, 2013a). This allows for significant reductions in energy consumption in CCRO compared to continuous RO.…”

Section: Closed-circuit Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of batch and semi-batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT:As reverse osmosis (RO) desalination capacity increases worldwide, the need to reduce its specific energy consumption becomes more urgent. In addition to the incremental changes attainable with improved components such as membranes and pumps, more significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved through time-varying RO processes including semi-batch processes such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) and fully-batch processes that have not yet been commercialized or modeled in detail. In this study, numerical models of the energy consumption of batch RO (BRO), CCRO, and the standard continuous RO process are detailed. Two new energy-efficient configurations of batch RO are analyzed. Batch systems use significantly less energy than continuous RO over a wide range of recovery ratios and source water salinities.Relative to continuous RO, models predict that CCRO and batch RO demonstrate up to 37 % and 64 % energy savings, respectively, for brackish water desalination at high water recovery. For batch RO and CCRO, the primary reductions in energy use stem from atmospheric pressure brine discharge and reduced streamwise variation in driving pressure. Fully-batch systems further reduce energy consumption by not mixing streams of different concentrations, which CCRO does. These results demonstrate that time-varying processes can significantly raise RO energy efficiency.

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Section: Closed-circuit Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of batch and semi-batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination

et al. 2016

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“…This is in contrast to reverse osmosis, where high recovery ratios require multiple stages in a continuous process (Fig. 2a) or longer process times in a semi-batch (or batch) process [8]. Secondly, electrodialysis is capable of reaching brine concentrations above 10% total dissolved solids (TDS), which is beyond the osmotic pressures reachable by current reverse osmosis systems [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…higher energy costs due to an increasing osmotic pressure; 3. the need for a 2nd stage of reverse osmosis if recoveries above 50% are required [8].…”

Section: Reasons To Prefer a Simple Ed-ro Hybrid Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis

McGovern

Zubair

Lienhard

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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A cost analysis reveals that hybridisation of electrodialysis with reverse osmosis is only justified if the cost of water from the reverse osmosis unit is less than 40% of that from a standalone electrodialysis system. In such cases the additional reverse osmosis costs justify the electrodialysis cost savings brought about by shifting salt removal to higher salinity, where current densities are higher and equipment costs lower. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that a simple hybrid configuration is more cost effective than a recirculated hybrid, a simple hybrid being one where the reverse osmosis concentrate is fed to the electrodialysis stack and the products from both units are blended, and a recirculated being one hybrid involving recirculation of the electrodialysis product back to the reverse osmosis unit. The underlying rationale is that simple hybridisation shifts salt removal away from the lowest salinity zone of operation, where salt removal is most expensive. Further shifts in the salinity at which salt is removed, brought about by recirculation, do not justify the associated increased costs of reverse osmosis.

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“…The recently emerging new closed circuit desalination (CCD) technology [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] of high-recovery and low-energy BWRO irrespective of the number of elements per module is noteworthy in particular in the context of small compact units for diverse applications, a subject matter to be discussed hereinafter. The BWRO-CCD technology [3,7,10] takes place by internal concentrate recycling with occasional replacement of brine by fresh feed and is characterized by high-recovery, low-energy consumption without need of energy recovery, reduced fouling (scaling and/or biofouling) and flexible control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

Efraty¹

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe recently emerging new closed circuit desalination (CCD) technology enables performing high-recovery and low-energy BWRO desalination of reduced fouling irrespective of the number of elements per module and thus opened the door to a new class of small compact units for diverse applications. The design aspects and performance prospects of such small compact BWRO-CCD units (<5.4 m 3 /h; <130 m 3 /d) are illustrated with modules comprising either two or three elements each (MEn with n = 2-3). Since small compact BWRO units are extensively used for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic and medical applications, the unique performance characteristics of said small compact CCD units of high recovery and low energy is exemplified with feed of 200-750 ppm NaCl which cover the range of 230-900 ppm of ordinary supplied water sources worldwide. The supplied water upgrade by said compact CCD units are illustrated at the level of a single-pass quality permeates as well as at the level of double-pass quality permeates of exceptionally low salinity in the range 0.13-1.54 ppm depending on the feed salinity and the membrane salt rejection characteristics. The double-pass process in these compact CCD units implicate the use of first pass permeates as feed to the second pass, thereby enabling the same unit execute either a single or a double-pass process depending on the desired quality of permeate.

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Industrial and brackish water treatment with closed circuit reverse osmosis

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Energy efficiency of batch and semi-batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination

Energy efficiency of batch and semi-batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination

The benefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis

CCD Series No-10: small compact BWRO closed-circuit desalination (CCD) units of high-recovery, low-energy and reduced fouling for supplied water upgrade to industry, irrigation, domestic, and medical applications

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