Weak associations between depressive symptom severity, depressive symptom clusters, and cognitive performance in young to middle-aged men without clinical depression

Szymkowicz, Sarah M.; Dotson, Vonetta M.; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.

doi:10.1080/13825585.2020.1840505

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Concordant with past studies (Lockwood et al, 2000;Morin et al, 2019), we also did not observe that overall depression severity distinguished between phenotypes. This supports that cognitive dysfunction may occur independent from current depression severity in older adults and is in accord with literature showing that depression severity is not strongly associated with cognitive functioning (Keilp et al, 2018;McClintock et al, 2010;Szymkowicz et al, 2020). Similar to the Martin et al (2020) study, we additionally did not find that clinician ratings of depression symptom severity on individual MADRS items differentiated between the cognitive phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cognitive phenotypes in late-life depression

Szymkowicz

Ryan²,

Elson³

et al. 2022

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objective: To identify cognitive phenotypes in late-life depression (LLD) and describe relationships with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Design: Observational cohort study Setting: Baseline data from participants recruited via clinical referrals and community advertisements who enrolled in two separate studies. Participants: Non-demented adults with LLD (n = 120; mean age = 66.73 ± 5.35 years) and non-depressed elders (n = 56; mean age = 67.95 ± 6.34 years). Measurements: All completed a neuropsychological battery, and individual cognitive test scores were standardized across the entire sample without correcting for demographics. Five empirically derived cognitive domain composites were created, and cluster analytic approaches (hierarchical, k-means) were independently conducted to classify cognitive patterns in the depressed cohort only. Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were then compared across groups. Results: A three-cluster solution best reflected the data, including “High Normal” (n = 47), “Reduced Normal” (n = 35), and “Low Executive Function” (n = 37) groups. The “High Normal” group was younger, more educated, predominantly Caucasian, and had fewer vascular risk factors and higher Mini-Mental Status Examination compared to “Low Executive Function” group. No differences were observed on other sociodemographic or clinical characteristics. Exploration of the “High Normal” group found two subgroups that only differed in attention/working memory performance and length of the current depressive episode. Conclusions: Three cognitive phenotypes in LLD were identified that slightly differed in sociodemographic and disease-specific variables, but not in the quality of specific symptoms reported. Future work on these cognitive phenotypes will examine relationships to treatment response, vulnerability to cognitive decline, and neuroimaging markers to help disentangle the heterogeneity seen in this patient population

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