Prevention of Muscular Distress after Exercise

deVries, Herbert A.

doi:10.1080/10671188.1961.10613131

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the contrary, other studies have already established that these treatments diminish the perception of pain (Abraham 1977;deVries 1961;Weingand et al 1991), and the trend in our results suggest that heat and/or static stretching slightly reduces the perception of soreness in the days following eccentric exercise. However, it does not facilitate the recovery of eccentrically damaged skeletal muscle fibers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Application of topical heat increases local vascular and lymphatic flow, which, in turn, may enhance the removal and repair aspects of the healing process (Nanneman 1991). Possible mechanisms by which static stretching post-eccentric exercise could alleviate the sensation of pain are as follows: (1) disperse the excess fluid that accumulates from muscle damage (Bobbert et al 1986), (2) reduce muscle spasms that may occur during DMS (deVries 1961;Hough 1902), and (3) alter the response of the afferent group IV nerve fibers, which conduct pain impulses to central nervous system (Armstrong 1984). Accordingly, heat combined with static stretching should be effective in reducing the sensation of pain as well as enhancing the healing process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI evaluation of topical heat and static stretching as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

et al. 2004

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The aim of this study was to monitor the effects of topical heat and/or static stretch treatments on the recovery of muscle damage by eccentric exercise. For this purpose, 32 untrained male subjects performed intense eccentric knee extension exercise, followed by 2 weeks of treatment (heat, stretch, heat plus stretch) or no treatment (control, n=8/group). Isometric strength testing, pain ratings, and multi-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh were performed before and at 2, 3, 4, 8, and 15 days following the exercise. Increased T2 relaxation time, muscle swelling, pain ratings, and strength loss confirmed significant muscle damage during the post-exercise period. Pain ratings and muscle volume recovered to baseline by 15 days, although muscle strength remained lower [77 (4) vs. 95 (3) kg pre-exercise, mean (SE)] and T2 values higher [32.2 (0.8) vs. 28.6 (0.2) ms pre-exercise]. Our results indicate that heat and/or static stretching does not consistently reduce soreness, swelling or muscle damage. The practical implication of our findings is that clinicians should be aware that prescribing heat and/or static stretching following intense eccentric or unaccustomed exercise will not enhance the recovery of damaged muscles.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI evaluation of topical heat and static stretching as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

et al. 2004

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“…Usually the purpose is to reduce muscle soreness after exercising (with delayed onset), to reduce risk of injury, or to improve athletic performance 1 – 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: systematic review

Herbert

Gabriel²

2002

BMJ

299

148

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Objective To determine the effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness after exercise, risk of injury, and athletic performance. Method Systematic review. Data sources Randomised or quasi-randomised studies identified by searching Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro, and by recursive checking of bibliographies. Main outcome measures Muscle soreness, incidence of injury, athletic performance. Results Five studies, all of moderate quality, reported sufficient data on the effects of stretching on muscle soreness to be included in the analysis. Outcomes seemed homogeneous. Stretching produced small and statistically non-significant reductions in muscle soreness. The pooled estimate of reduction in muscle soreness 24 hours after exercising was only 0.9 mm on a 100 mm scale (95% confidence interval − 2.6 mm to 4.4 mm). Data from two studies on army recruits in military training show that muscle stretching before exercising does not produce useful reductions in injury risk (pooled hazard ratio 0.95, 0.78 to 1.16). Conclusions Stretching before or after exercising does not confer protection from muscle soreness. Stretching before exercising does not seem to confer a practically useful reduction in the risk of injury, but the generality of this finding needs testing. Insufficient research has been done with which to determine the effects of stretching on sporting performance.

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“…Of 15 subjects in whom no evidence of torn muscle was present, 13 showed lowered levels of electrical activity after static stretching. All of the 3 subjects with torn muscles showed higher levels (5). The evidence cited thus far supports the spasm theory of muscle soreness in respect to both experimentally induced and chronic muscular pain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Steady stretch depresses the monosynaptic response even when the tendon organs are presumably not active (12). 5. The amplitude of the electromyogram (EMG) characteristically diminishes in large human muscles when they are stretched (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Electromyographic Investigation of the Spasm Theory of Muscle Pain

1966

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

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Prevention of Muscular Distress after Exercise

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

MRI evaluation of topical heat and static stretching as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

MRI evaluation of topical heat and static stretching as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: systematic review

Quantitative Electromyographic Investigation of the Spasm Theory of Muscle Pain

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