Advanced robotics and additive manufacturing of composites: towards a new era in Industry 4.0

Parmar, Hetal; Khan, Tayyab; Tucci, Fausto; Umer, Rehan; Carlone, Pierpaolo

doi:10.1080/10426914.2020.1866195

Cited by 101 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 309 publications

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“…Three dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology in the medical field that offers new opportunities for tissue engineering and the reconstruction of bone [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Based on three-dimensional imaging, patient specific scaffolds can be manufactured additively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting the Pore Size of Individual, 3D-Printed CPC Scaffolds in Maxillofacial Surgery

Muallah

Sembdner

Holtzhausen

et al. 2021

JCM

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Three dimensional (3D) printing allows additive manufacturing of patient specific scaffolds with varying pore size and geometry. Such porous scaffolds, made of 3D-printable bone-like calcium phosphate cement (CPC), are suitable for bone augmentation due to their benefit for osteogenesis. Their pores allow blood-, bone- and stem cells to migrate, colonize and finally integrate into the adjacent tissue. Furthermore, the pore size affects the scaffold’s stability. Since scaffolds in maxillofacial surgery have to withstand high forces within the jaw, adequate mechanical properties are of high clinical importance. Although many studies have investigated CPC for bone augmentation, the ideal porosity for specific indications has not been defined yet. We investigated 3D printed CPC cubes with increasing pore sizes and different printing orientations regarding cell migration and mechanical properties in comparison to commercially available bone substitutes. Furthermore, by investigating clinical cases, the scaffolds’ designs were adapted to resemble the in vivo conditions as accurately as possible. Our findings suggest that the pore size of CPC scaffolds for bone augmentation in maxillofacial surgery necessarily needs to be adapted to the surgical site. Scaffolds for sites that are not exposed to high forces, such as the sinus floor, should be printed with a pore size of 750 µm to benefit from enhanced cell infiltration. In contrast, for areas exposed to high pressures, such as the lateral mandible, scaffolds should be manufactured with a pore size of 490 µm to guarantee adequate cell migration and in order to withstand the high forces during the chewing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting the Pore Size of Individual, 3D-Printed CPC Scaffolds in Maxillofacial Surgery

Muallah

Sembdner

Holtzhausen

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…The VARTM process for manufacturing composite laminates is well-documented in the literature. 52,53 The CF/thermoplastic face sheets were also manufactured at room temperature and were left to cure for 24 h, followed by post-curing at 80°C for 1 h. The face sheets and the honeycomb cores were adhesively bonded using the hand layup technique. A two-part epoxy adhesive and hardener system (Gurit PRIME 20LV ® ) was used as the adhesive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption in carbon fiber honeycomb structures manufactured using a liquid thermoplastic resin

Khan¹,

Aziz

Irfan

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this study, carbon fiber/thermoplastic (Elium®) honeycombs were manufactured using the resin infusion process in a customized metallic mold. Honeycomb cores, based on different carbon fiber layers, were manufactured to achieve four different fiber weight fraction composites. Two different types of specimens, based on a single honeycomb cell and five honeycomb cells, were prepared and subjected to compression loading. The results of these tests were compared with data from similar honeycomb structures based on carbon fiber–reinforced epoxy composite. It has been shown that the compressive strength and the specific energy absorption capacity of the honeycombs increase rapidly with increasing fiber weight fraction. The specific energy absorption capability of the novel thermoplastic honeycomb structures has been shown to be as high as 50 kJ/kg which compares favorably with other energy-absorbing core materials. The thermoplastic honeycomb specimens exhibited a similar specific energy absorption capability and an improved compressive strength compared to their epoxy counterparts. Furthermore, the CF/thermoplastic honeycombs exhibited enhanced structural stability and displayed a more uniform and progressive core failure mode than the longitudinal splitting observed in the CF/epoxy honeycombs. The honeycomb core that exhibited the best performance was then used to manufacture thermoplastic sandwich specimens based on CF/thermoplastic face sheets. Three point bend tests were conducted to determine the flexural strength of the sandwich samples and to identify the failure modes. Optical micrographs revealed that the flexural damage was primarily due to the core crushing and adhesive failure between the core and the composite skins.

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“…These days different fibre placement technologies are available. The Automated Tape Laying (ATL) and Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) are the most frequently used processes of such a kind [18,19]. They deposit CFRP material in layers on a tool.…”

Section: Fibre Placement and Inspection Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Material Characterisation of Prepreg CFRP for Improved Composite Inspection

2021

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Automated fibre layup techniques are often applied for the production of complex structural components. In order to ensure a sufficient component quality, a subsequent visual inspection is necessary, especially in the aerospace industry. The use of automated optical inspection systems can reduce the inspection effort by up to 50 %. Laser line scan sensors, which capture the topology of the surface, are particularly advantageous for this purpose. These sensors project a laser beam at an angle onto the surface and detect its position via a camera. The optical properties of the observed surface potentially have a great influence on the quality of the recorded data. This is especially relevant for dark or highly scattering materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). For this reason, in this study we investigate the optical reflection and transmission properties of the commonly used Hexel HexPly 8552 IM7 prepreg CFRP in detail. Therefore, we utilise a Gonioreflectometer to investigate such optical characteristics of the material with respect to different fibre orientations, illumination directions and detection angles. In this way, specific scattering information of the material in the hemispherical space are recorded. The major novelty of this research are the findings about the scattering behaviour of the fibre composite material which can be used as a more precise input for the methods of image data quality assessment from our previous research and thus is particularly valuable for developers and users of camera based inspection systems for CFRP components.

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Advanced robotics and additive manufacturing of composites: towards a new era in Industry 4.0

Cited by 101 publications

References 309 publications

Adapting the Pore Size of Individual, 3D-Printed CPC Scaffolds in Maxillofacial Surgery

Adapting the Pore Size of Individual, 3D-Printed CPC Scaffolds in Maxillofacial Surgery

Energy absorption in carbon fiber honeycomb structures manufactured using a liquid thermoplastic resin

Optical Material Characterisation of Prepreg CFRP for Improved Composite Inspection

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