2006
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609265103
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Abstract: Individualized, chemically pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes have been intravenously administered to rabbits and monitored through their characteristic near-infrared fluorescence. Spectra indicated that blood proteins displaced the nanotube coating of synthetic surfactant molecules within seconds. The nanotube concentration in the blood serum decreased exponentially with a half-life of 1.0 ؎ 0.1 h. No adverse effects from low-level nanotube exposure could be detected from behavior or pathological examina… Show more

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Cited by 447 publications
(437 citation statements)
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“…Coupled with their relative ease of uptake into cells and infrared emission at wavelengths most transparent to biological tissue, SWNTs hold great promise in this area because NIR radiation passes through tissue without causing significant heating, scattering, or damage to live cells. 57,75,76,78,79 The development of single molecule sensors based on SWNT fluorescence is particularly promising because all SWNT carbon atoms are situated on the surface of the molecule, making their response extremely sensitive to changes in the local environment. In fact, the ability of SWNTs to perform as glucose 78 and biological sensors 76,79 has already been demonstrated.…”
Section: Optical Properties and Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Coupled with their relative ease of uptake into cells and infrared emission at wavelengths most transparent to biological tissue, SWNTs hold great promise in this area because NIR radiation passes through tissue without causing significant heating, scattering, or damage to live cells. 57,75,76,78,79 The development of single molecule sensors based on SWNT fluorescence is particularly promising because all SWNT carbon atoms are situated on the surface of the molecule, making their response extremely sensitive to changes in the local environment. In fact, the ability of SWNTs to perform as glucose 78 and biological sensors 76,79 has already been demonstrated.…”
Section: Optical Properties and Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…72,76 These qualities are extremely desirable for fluorescence-based applications such as biological imaging 76,79 and biological sensing, 75 which rely heavily upon the availability of fluorophores with high brightness and stable emission.…”
Section: Motivationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…[36] Inspired by some of these works, we initially investigated the use of surfactant Pluronic F108 to solubilize the unfunctionalized nanohoops in aqueous media for biological studies-a strategy that has been successful for CNTs. [37] Although the solubility of the nanohoop increased in the presence of surfactant, cell imaging experiments were plagued by low signal response and aggregation (See Supplementary Information Figure 7 and Figure 8). This complication prompted the synthesis of 1 (Figure 1), a nanohoop functionalized with sulfonate groups to promote solubility in aqueous media.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The blood circulation half-lives of current CNT carriers range from 0.5 to 3.5 h in mice [3,6,30], which are significantly shorter than that of PEG-grafted liposomes (12 20 h in rats or mice, and 40 60 h in humans) [31]. While some reports have shown renal excretion of certain CNTs [6,32,33], there have also been others showing accumulation in organs such as liver, spleen, and kidney [3,30,34]. Although no acute or short mid term (up to four months) cytotoxic effects on the organs or the test subjects have been reported so far, the long term toxicity and immunogenicity of CNT carriers are unclear.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%