2005
DOI: 10.1065/espr2006.01.004
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Abstract: Pharmaceuticals in the environment are becoming a subject of global concern, with potential environmental consequences. Further knowledge of the causes, occurrence and effects of drugs as environmental pollutants is necessary for a better understanding of this ecological issue, as well as to improve abatement strategies, and to mitigate subtle environmental consequences.

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Cited by 240 publications
(108 citation statements)
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References 44 publications
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“…The most commonly detected compounds mirrored those found in similar studies (Gracia-Lor et al, 2012;Hernández et al, 2011;Zuccato et al, 2010Zuccato et al, , 2006. Irbesartan, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and valsartan were identified in IWW and EWW of both Spain and Italy.…”
Section: Comparison Of Results From Spain and Italysupporting
confidence: 62%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The most commonly detected compounds mirrored those found in similar studies (Gracia-Lor et al, 2012;Hernández et al, 2011;Zuccato et al, 2010Zuccato et al, , 2006. Irbesartan, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and valsartan were identified in IWW and EWW of both Spain and Italy.…”
Section: Comparison Of Results From Spain and Italysupporting
confidence: 62%
“…To ensure national significance, compounds found from previous studies of these regions were investigated and added to the database (Spain (Gracia-Lor et al, 2011 ; Italy (Al Aukidy et al, 2012;Zuccato et al, 2010Zuccato et al, , 2006). In total, 107 PIDs and 220 fragment ions were incorporated in the database (See ESM Table S1).…”
Section: Selection Of Pidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Countries and regions worldwide differ concerning the prevalence of diseases, waste treatment processes, cultural habits or economic constraints related to the pharmaceutical market [8]. Nevertheless, it seems that urban regions are major sources of contamination due to the proximity of hospitals and STP facilities.…”
Section: Sources Of Environmental Contaminationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Powerful hyphenated chromatographic-detection techniques enabling detection limits within the ng L −1 to µg L −1 range allowed researchers to quantify a large number of medicines components (i.e. drugs and excipients) in the environment, thus compelling the scientific community to consider this contamination type as a potential issue meriting con-cern [6][7][8]. In fact, tons of them are produced annually worldwide to be consumed by humans or animals [9,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…14 Em seres humanos apenas uma pequena fração da COC consumida é excretada na urina e nas fezes sem ser metabolizada. 13,16 A maior parcela é excretada sob a forma de metabólitos, sendo o principal deles a benzoilecgonina (BE). 5 Outros metabólitos incluem o metil-éster da ecgonina (EME) e o cocaetileno (CE), substância esta formada no fígado a partir da metabolização da COC quando consumida juntamente com bebidas alcoólicas.…”
Section: Cocaínicosunclassified