Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection

Hooton, Thomas M.

doi:10.1056/nejmcp1104429

Cited by 701 publications

(548 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the first set of mutants, we disrupted the two long loops identified in the β-helix of α 43a as protruding from the β-spine (SI Appendix, Fig. S5) by deleting residues in loop 1 (L1, 37 LELGPDSDENT 47 ) and loop 2 (L2, 141 AEGGPESENVS 151 ) and leaving G36/G48/G49 and G140/ S152/G153 to link the contiguous β-strands, respectively. Two Ag43a single-loop deletion mutants (ΔL1 and ΔL2) and a double-loop deletion mutant (ΔL1,L2) were constructed, expressed in E. coli MS427, and tested in cell-aggregation assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antigen 43 structure reveals a molecular Velcro-like mechanism of autotransporter-mediated bacterial clumping

Heras

Totsika

Peters

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

185

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Aggregation and biofilm formation are critical mechanisms for bacterial resistance to host immune factors and antibiotics. Autotransporter (AT) proteins, which represent the largest group of outer-membrane and secreted proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, contribute significantly to these phenotypes. Despite their abundance and role in bacterial pathogenesis, most AT proteins have not been structurally characterized, and there is a paucity of detailed information with regard to their mode of action. Here we report the structure-function relationships of Antigen 43 (Ag43a), a prototypic self-associating AT protein from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The functional domain of Ag43a displays a twisted L-shaped β-helical structure firmly stabilized by a 3D hydrogenbonded scaffold. Notably, the distinctive Ag43a L shape facilitates self-association and cell aggregation. Combining all our data, we define a molecular "Velcro-like" mechanism of AT-mediated bacterial clumping, which can be tailored to fit different bacterial lifestyles such as the formation of biofilms.Ag43 | virulence factor | structural biology | urinary tract infection

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antigen 43 structure reveals a molecular Velcro-like mechanism of autotransporter-mediated bacterial clumping

Heras

Totsika

Peters

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

185

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“…Uncomplicated UTIs typically affect individuals who are otherwise healthy and have no structural or neurological abnormalities, and are differentiated into lower UTIs (cystitis) and upper UTIs (pyelonephritis). Complicated UTIs are associated with factors that compromise the urinary tract or host defence, including renal failure, urinary retention, pregnancy and the presence of urethral catheters [91,92]. UPEC has the ability to bind directly to kidney cells and bladder epithelium.…”

Section: Urogenital Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease

Shukla

Walters

et al. 2017

Microbiology

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Host surface receptors provide bacteria with a foothold from which to attach, colonize and, in some cases, invade tissue and elicit human disease. In this review, we discuss several key host receptors and cognate adhesins that function in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, we examine the elevated expression of host surface receptors such as CEACAM-1, CEACAM-6, ICAM-1 and PAFR in response to specific stimuli. We explore how upregulated receptors, in turn, expose the host to a range of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It is apparent that exploitation of receptor induction for bacterial adherence is not unique to one body system, but is also observed in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. Prokaryotic pathogens which utilize this mechanism for their infectivity include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. A number of approaches have been used, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, to inhibit bacterial attachment to temporally expressed host receptors. Some of these novel strategies may advance future targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease.

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“…5 Gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Serratia and Morganella morgagni are isolated from 75-95% cases of uncomplicated UTI which is most common in young, sexually active, non pregnant, premenopausal women. 6 The remaining cases are associated with a variety of organisms, including the Gram positive bacteria like Enterococcus, Staphylococcus especially coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae and other less frequently isolated organisms. 7 However, Gram positive bacteria are found more often as etiologic agents in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram positive uropathogens and their antibiogram: Data analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka

2020

IJMR

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Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infections encountered in clinical settings, being amenable to easy diagnosis with established laboratory methods. However, in recent years, antibiotic resistance has become a major public health problem worldwide owing to the extensive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Objectives: 1. To determine the various Gram positive isolates causing urinary tract infections. 2. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram positive cocci. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a private tertiary care hospital in Shivamogga district of Karnataka, using secondary data of Gram positive bacteria isolated from urine samples maintained in the Microbiology laboratory registers for a period of 1 year from January 2016 to December 2016. Standard protocols were followed for bacteria isolation, identification and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility. Statistical analysis was done using MS office Excel 2010. Results: Of the total 1254 urine specimens, 466 (37.16%) revealed positive cultures. Out of the 512 isolates from positive cultures, 196 (38.28%) were Gram positive bacteria. The predominant isolates i.e. 86 (43.87%) belonged to Enterococcus species. All the isolates were susceptible to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Majority i.e. 184 (93.87%) were sensitive to nitrofurantoin followed by gentamicin 146 (74.48%) and majority showed resistance to ampicillin i.e.126 (64.28%). Conclusion:The rise in the resistance among uropathogens alerts us against indiscriminate use of antibiotics, indicating the need to establish antibiotic policies along with stringent measures to ensure effectiveness of the same.

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Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection

Cited by 701 publications

References 48 publications

The antigen 43 structure reveals a molecular Velcro-like mechanism of autotransporter-mediated bacterial clumping

The antigen 43 structure reveals a molecular Velcro-like mechanism of autotransporter-mediated bacterial clumping

Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease

Gram positive uropathogens and their antibiogram: Data analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka

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