Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in
human medicine and the most common skin malignancy, with the largest number
of lesions found on exposed parts of the skin, on the face, head, and neck.
The average age of the patients is 60 years, with an increasing incidence in
younger ages and an increased incidence in males. The incidence of BCC is
increasing and doubles every 25 years. Annually, there are approximately
1,000,000 newly diagnosed cases worldwide. The frequency of malignant skin
tumors depends on the influence of external factors such as UV radiation and
other biological properties of the skin with a higher incidence in
fair-skinned people (Fitzpatrick type I and type II skin types). BCC is a
slow growing malignant tumor that arises from the basal layer of the
epidermis, the outer layer of hair follicles, or the sebaceous glands. BCC
can be locally invasive and, if neglected, can infiltrate surrounding
structures (muscles and cartilage) and vital structures, which can
ultimately lead to death. The clinical presentation is very diverse and
dependent on the histological subtype. Prevention is the most important and
effective approach towards reducing the burden of BCC. The best treatment
for BCC is surgical excision with confirmation and verification of surgical
margins. The therapeutic goal is oncologic radical resection of the tumor,
followed by reconstruction of the affected area for structure and optimal
aesthetic result.