A Descriptive Epidemiology Study of Oral Cleft in Sergipe, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction The nonsyndromic orofacial cleft is the fourth most common birth defect, but in Brazil, data about the cleft epidemiology are not accurate. Objective This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of oral cleft cases at Specialized Society Attending Cleft Patient in Sergipe State. Methods Data were obtained from patients' medical records in relation to the following characteristics: age; gender; race; origin; cleft type; additional malformations and/or complications; prenatal accomplishment; treatment applied. For diagnosis analysis, it was noted if mothers had received prenatal care and if they had ultrasonography performed and if the cleft was viewed in it. Results We observed a prevalence of male gender (54%). Age between 0 and 4 years old was most prevalent (53%), and pheoderma race was observed in 47%. Transincisive foramen cleft was found in 52.3% of the individuals. The prevalence of pre- and transincisive foramen cleft was higher in men (66.3 and 55.7%), women accounted for 65.0% of postincisive foramen, and atypical facial cleft (0.3%) occurred in one case. Associated malformations and complications were present in 12% of patients. Prenatal care was reported by 48% of the mothers. Conclusion In this study male gender was the most affected, and 0 to 4 years was the most frequent age group. Transincisive foramen cleft type was most frequently encountered. Prenatal care was reported by most mothers. So, this study found that early treatment is a reality in SEAFESE (Service Specializing in Cleft Care of Sergipe), and consequently the chances of successful integration of the child to society will be better.

Sintomas de disfagia em crianças com fissura labial e/ou palatina pré e pós-correção cirúrgica

“…Prevalence of the male gender with unilateral trans-foramen incisor cleft is also described in published epidemiological studies, considering its greater incidence compared with the female gender (12,13) , with the same also occurring with respect to earlier fusing time of the nasal and palatal processes (13) . Regarding cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) surgical correction, despite the different chronology described in the literature (14)(15)(16) , most Speech-language Pathology services recommend that the surgery be performed during the postnatal period, with ideal time for cheiloplasty at three or between three and six months of age, depending on the clinical conditions necessary to perform a risk procedure (2,17) . As for palatoplasty, studies state that it should be performed at twelve or between twelve and eighteen months of age.…”

“…As for palatoplasty, studies state that it should be performed at twelve or between twelve and eighteen months of age. In cases of complete cleft palate, research suggests posterior palatoplasty, or staphylorrhaphy together with cheiloplasty or palatoplasty, or yet that the procedures should be performed only at eighteen months of age (2,17) . The surgical chronology to which most of the participants in this study was submitted suggests a delay in the performance of cheiloplasty in relation to the ideal time, and more frequent than that found in the literature for palatoplasty (17) .…”

“…These anomalies are considered common, presenting prevalence of 1/1000 births in Brazil. Their etiology is multifactorial and may be associated with factors such as heredity, maternal aspects, stress, infections, medication, and irradiation (1,2) . In the Brazilian specific scientific literature, the reference point for classifying clefts of the lip and/or palate is the borderline structure between the primary and secondary palates, that is, the incisor foramen (3) .…”

“…Surgical correction of CLP is possible, presenting different chronology and techniques depending on the type and extent of the cleft, and the deciding factor is at the surgeon's discretion. The following procedures can be performed for CLP correction: cheiloplasty, lip repair; staphylorrhaphy, soft palate repair; and palatoplasty, hard palate repair (2) . CLP patients present functional difficulties in the mechanisms of swallowing, sucking, chewing, and phonation because of anatomical alterations of the stomatognathic system (4) .…”

Alterações dos tecidos moles após avanço de maxila em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina

“…Sua patogênese se processa como resultado da falha no nivelamento dos processos medial, lateral e maxilar e ocorre aproximadamente entre a sexta e décima semana de vida intrauterina (RODRIGUES et al, 2009). No Brasil, estudos epidemiológicos apontam uma variabilidade de acometimento entre 1 indivíduo afetado para cada 1.500 nascimentos podendo atingir até 1:500 nascidos vivos, dependendo das características geográficas, raciais e socioeconômicas (MARTELLI-JÚNIOR et al, 2008;RODRIGUES et al, 2009;LUIZA et al, 2013). HELIÖVAARA et al, 2002;WOLFORD et al, 2008;OBEROI et al, 2012 (WILLMAR 1974;DANN;FONSECA;BELL, 1976;FREIHOFER, 1976;ARAUJO et al, 1978;TEUSCHER;SAILER, 1982;MANSOUR;BURSTONE;LEGAN, 1983;DEL SANTO et al, 2004;MCCOLLUM et al, 2009).…”