2019
DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00681h
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Abstract: Ultrasmall quaternized CDs are used to visualize Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms, and selectively eradicate and inhibit Gram-positive bacterial biofilms.

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Cited by 99 publications
(74 citation statements)
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“…It is worthy of note that antibiotic resistance not only originates from the transformation of the structure and gene mutations of planktonic bacteria but also results from the formation of bacterial biofilms [4]. Almost 90% microorganisms can form biofilms, in which bacterial cells are frequently embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which basically consist of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular DNA [5,6]. The EPS matrix can act as a protective barrier that confers resistance to nonspecific and specific host defenses during infection and prevents the penetration of antibacterial agents [7,8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is worthy of note that antibiotic resistance not only originates from the transformation of the structure and gene mutations of planktonic bacteria but also results from the formation of bacterial biofilms [4]. Almost 90% microorganisms can form biofilms, in which bacterial cells are frequently embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which basically consist of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and extracellular DNA [5,6]. The EPS matrix can act as a protective barrier that confers resistance to nonspecific and specific host defenses during infection and prevents the penetration of antibacterial agents [7,8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, it is further con rmed that qCQDs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria had different target pathways and different antibacterial mechanisms to produce irreversible damage to bacteria and make bacteria rupture or lyse, leading to the death of bacteria. The antibacterial mechanisms of qCQDs on bacteria is obviously different from the common mechanism of ROS generation, electrostatic interaction, surface adsorption or peroxidase-like activity of antibacterial agents reported in the literature 23,30,33,42,[49][50][51] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), especially hetero-element doped CQDs with particle size of less than 10 nm, stand out in the eld of antibacterial research due to their advantageous properties including nontoxic nature, photostability, versatility in surface functionality for desired microbial adhesion and interactions, and their production from abundant and inexpensive precursors for extremely broad and low to ultralow cost applications [11][12][13][14][15][16] . At present, the mechanism of action of CQDs against bacteria mainly focuses on the three aspects of directly producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (•O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) 17,18 , producing ROS assisted by photoactivation or other compound 6,[19][20][21] and damaging the cell membrane caused by the insertion of surface controlled CQDs through electrostatic interaction and/or hydrophobic interaction [22][23][24] . However, the above mechanism cannot further explain the signaling pathway of antibacterial CQDs against bacteria at the molecular level and there has been a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction between such CQDs and bacteria.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, biofilm formed on implantable medical devices may cause implant failure and difficult-to-treat chronic infections, leading to increased medical cost and mortality [9,10]. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop novel strategies to eradicate the biofilm and kill the encased bacteria [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%