Na+-functionalized carbon quantum dots: a new draw solute in forward osmosis for seawater desalination

Abstract

A new type of biocompatible draw solute, Na(+)-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Na_CQDs) with ultra-small size and rich ionic species, in forward osmosis (FO) is developed for seawater desalination. The aqueous dispersion of Na_CQDs demonstrates a high osmotic pressure, which allows high FO water flux and negligible reverse solute permeation.

Synthesis and application of ethylenediamine tetrapropionic salt as a novel draw solute for forward osmosis application

“…Draw solutions with high concentrations are also generally preferred to obtain a high osmotic pressure, and therefore, a high water flux . Currently, most FO research works are with the draw solution concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 M, or 0.02–720 g L −1 , or 9.3–60 wt % (See Table S1 in the Supporting Information). However, the draw solution with a high concentration generally suffers high viscosity causing a severe concentration polarization in FO process .…”

Clean Donor Oxidation Enhances the H2 Evolution Activity of a Carbon Quantum Dot–Molecular Catalyst Photosystem

“…Carboxylate-terminated amorphous CQDs (7 nm diameter), NiP ( Figure 1) and the cobalt catalysts 1-3 ( Figure 2) were synthesized according to established procedures. [13,[20][21][22][23][24] Thew ater-soluble DuBois-type catalyst NiP is active in aqueous electrocatalytic and photocatalytic systems, [17,22,25] whereas the majority of Ni-P 2 N 2 complexes are active only in acidic organic solutions. [26,27] NiP has al ow overpotential (h % 200 mV) for H 2 evolution, which is a significant advantage when using photosensitizers with an excited state potential closely matched to the thermodynamic potential for proton reduction.…”

An initial study of EDTA complex based draw solutes in forward osmosis process

“…mOsm/kg, respectively [42,56]. In comparison with these draw solutes of synthetic material, the EDTA complex generates higher osmolality and is commercially available, indicating its great potential as an alternative draw solute.…”