Graphene-based biosensors for detection of bacteria and their metabolic activities

Abstract

Graphene based nanoelectronic biosensors are applied to detect E. coli and its glucose induced metabolic activities.

Recent Trends in Field-Effect Transistors-Based Immunosensors

“…Huang et al demonstrated an immunosensor based on CVD graphene to detect E. coli bacteria [70]. Graphene was deposited on a quartz substrate.…”

“…Moreover, other disease biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases [58][59][60], thyroid hormone [61], venous thromboembolism [62], Alzheimer [63], and diabetes [64,65] have been detected with very low detection limits. Table 2 evidences the ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms associated with human health and food safety, such as Salmonella [66,67] and Escherichia coli [68][69][70][71] bacteria, rotavirus [72] and bacteriophage [69] viruses, and parasitic protozoan [73]. For example, graphene-based FET devices were found to detect only 10 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU·mL −1 ) of E. coli bacteria [68,70] whereas a cerium oxide (CeO x )-based FET device was able to achieve a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 2-3 cells of Salmonella typhimurium per mL [67].…”

“…Table 2 evidences the ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms associated with human health and food safety, such as Salmonella [66,67] and Escherichia coli [68][69][70][71] bacteria, rotavirus [72] and bacteriophage [69] viruses, and parasitic protozoan [73]. For example, graphene-based FET devices were found to detect only 10 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU·mL −1 ) of E. coli bacteria [68,70] whereas a cerium oxide (CeO x )-based FET device was able to achieve a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 2-3 cells of Salmonella typhimurium per mL [67]. Table 2 also depicts the application of immunoFET devices for detecting environmental contaminants such as pesticides [74], herbicides [75], toxins [76], and phytopathogens [77].…”

Emerging (Bio)Sensing Technology for Assessing and Monitoring Freshwater Contamination - Methods and Applications

“…Cholera, typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, leptospirosis and gastroenteriris are some examples of waterborne diseases caused by Vibrio cholera, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., Leptospira spp., and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC] (Ashbolt, 2004). Table 1 resumes the latest screening methods for waterborne bacteria; capture and detection methods, limit of detection [LOD] and range of detection are compared (Baudart & Lebaron, 2010;Bharadwaj et al, 2011;Bruno et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2008;Duplan et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2010;Geng et al, 2011;Guven et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2008Huang et al, , 2011Karsunke et al, 2009;Kwon et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011A;Luo et al, 2010;Miranda-Castro et al, 2009;Park et al 2008;Sun et al, 2009;Wilbeboer et al, 2010;Wolter et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2009;Xue et al, 2009). …”

“…Besides, these methods are costly and time consuming. Because of its great importance as faecal contaminant indicator in waters, the development of biosensors to detect and quantify E. coli has been extensively studied and there are a very large number of new methods and improvements to reference methods (Choi et al, 2007;Deobagkar et al, 2005;Gau et al, 2001;Yáñez et al, 2006;Liu & Li, 2002;Simpson & Lim 2005;Tang et al, 2006;Yoo et al, 2007;Yu et al, 2009 The immunological methods are the most widely used as recognition methods (Bharadwaj et al, 2011;Duplan et al, 2001;Fu et al, 2010;Guven et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2011;Karsunke et al, 2009;Know et al, 2010;Luo et al, 2010;Park et al, 2008;Wolter et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2009;Yu et al 2009), but nucleic acid capture probe are starting to gain some (Baudart & Lebaron, 2010;Bruno et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2008;Geng et al, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2009;). The use of aptamers instead of antibodies [Abs] as capture probes are increasing due to the advantages they present against Abs.…”