Microdispersed sintered nanodiamonds as a new stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

The microdispersed sintered nanodiamonds are evaluated as a new prospective stationary phase for normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Nanomaterials as stationary phases and supports in liquid chromatography

“…These analytes have ranged from dyes, drugs and various classes of organic compounds to amino acids, peptides and proteins. Some advantages noted in these applications have been the variety of interactions certain nanomaterials can have with analytes (e.g., as occurs with CNTs, fullerenes and nanodiamonds) and the unique retention or elution properties of nanomaterials in some separation formats (e.g., in mixed‐mode or multi‐dimensional separations and UTLC) . The ability to control the surface area or amount of such a material in an LC system can also be useful in adjusting retention or efficiency .…”

“…These methods included covalent immobilization, adsorption, entrapment, and the synthesis or direct development of nanomaterials as part of a chromatographic support ‐. The direct use of some nanomaterials as LC supports has also been possible in a few situations . It was noted that each of these approaches has its advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…For example, nanodiamonds between 4 and 25 nm can be synthesized by means of shockwave methods, while nanoparticles with sizes up to 50 nm can be produced by mechanical milling . Nanodiamonds have been used to make stationary phases for reversed‐phase LC , normal‐phase LC , and ion‐exchange chromatography , with several of these materials showing unique retention behavior when compared to more traditional stationary phases for these methods .…”

Direct modification of hydrogen/deuterium-terminated diamond particles with polymers to form reversed and strong cation exchange solid phase extraction sorbents

“…These two latter studies were successful in spite of their very low column efficiencies. Nesterenko et al [14,18] also studied sintered diamonds as a stationary phase for HPLC and obtained more efficient separations compared to the previous studies by Telepchak [16] and Patel et al [17]. In addition, Nesterenko studied the oxidative treatment of diamond particles for a cation-exchange column [15].…”

“…In contrast, diamond is an extraordinary material because of its mechanical stability at high pressure, excellent chemical stability over a very wide pH range, thermal stability, and general chemical stability and inertness [10][11][12]. These properties make it an attractive material for many applications, including, perhaps, as a stationary phase/support for SPE [13], HPLC [14][15][16][17][18][19], and capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) [20,21]. There are a few recent examples of diamond's use in separation science [22].…”