Epidermal Langerhans cells bear Fc and C3 receptors

Stingl, Georg; Wolff-Schreiner, Elisabeth C.; Pichler, Werner J.; Gschnait, F; Knapp, Walter; Wolff, Klaus

doi:10.1038/268245a0

Cited by 512 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The cell type(s) in the skin which are responsible for this potent form of antigen presentation are most likely Langerhans cells, because many of them appear to have Fc receptors (10). That the apparently Fc-negative skin cells can also induce this type of immunity, although less well than the Fc-positive fraction of cells, may be a result of contamination of the Fc-negative fraction, or skin cells themselves may have the ability to present hapten.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, hapten-conjugated epidermal cells failed to suppress CS and uniformly induced CS, independent of the route of injection, and even when coadministered with doses of TNP-PEC that by themselves induced unresponsiveness. Epidermal cells were fractionated by taking advantage of the fact that some of these cells (i.e., Langerhans cells [10]) have Fc receptors that promote adherence and rosette formation. Accordingly, epidermal cells were incubated with SRBC coated with mouse antibody and then were centrifuged in a Ficoll-Hypaque (Winthrop Laboratories, New York) gradient.…”

Section: Induction Of Cs By Pec That Had Phagocytosed Opsonized Tnp-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of antigen-presenting cells in the development and persistence of contact hypersensitivity.

Ptak¹,

Różycka²,

Askenase³

et al. 1980

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

156

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Three outcomes pertinent to contact sensitivity (CS) follow immunization with various forms of trinitrophenylated (TNP) substrates: (a) specific immunological unresponsiveness for CS is induced when immunization favors activation of splenic suppressor cells. This state is achieved by intravenous injection of trinitrophenyl-conjugated to various types of cells, such as peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). (b) A short-lived or evanescent form of CS is induced when immunization reduces activation of the suppressor circuit. This can be achieved by subcutaneous immunization with trinitrophenyl conjugated to syngeneic PEC, by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide to diminish suppression before intravenous immunization, or by altering the mode of antigen presentation by using TNP-substrate that has undergone phagocytosis. (c) A long-lived form of CS is induced when trinitrophenyl is presented to the immune system on skin cells either by contact skin painting with reactive trinitrophenyl, or by subcutaneous, or even intravenous injection of trinitrophenyl-conjugated epidermal cells. In fact, trinitrophenyl-conjugated epidermal cells induced CS even when the suppressor circuit was activated by intravenous coadministration of TNP-PEC. This implies that antigen presentation on epidermal cells induces sensitized cells that are relatively resistant to suppression. The cell type(s) in the skin that are primarily responsible for this potent form of antigen presentation are most likely Langerhans cells, because they can be concentrated by virtue of their Fc receptors and they are Ia positive. Thus, both the anatomical site where antigen is first encountered by the immune apparatus, as well as the nature of the cells which present the antigen, determine whether a CS response will ensue, as well as whether it will be evanescent or long-lasting.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Induction Of Cs By Pec That Had Phagocytosed Opsonized Tnp-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of antigen-presenting cells in the development and persistence of contact hypersensitivity.

Ptak¹,

Różycka²,

Askenase³

et al. 1980

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within the epidermis, Langerhans cells (LC) are dendritic APCs that play a key role in the cutaneous immune system (14). They reside in the suprabasilar portion of the epidermis and have been shown to be capable of presenting haptens, immunogenic peptides, and tumor Ags for T cell-dependent immune responses (15)(16)(17)(18). The observation that epidermal LC often lie in apposition with epidermal nerves and that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide found in epidermal nerves, can regulate LC Ag-presenting function provides evidence for a regulatory interaction between the nervous system and the immune system within the skin (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholamines Inhibit the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Epidermal Langerhans Cells

Seiffert¹,

Hosoi²,

Torii³

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

116

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The sympathetic nervous system modulates immune function at a number of levels. Within the epidermis, APCs (Langerhans cells (LC)) are frequently anatomically associated with peripheral nerves. Furthermore, some neuropeptides have been shown to regulate LC Ag-presenting function. We explored the expression of adrenergic receptors (AR) in murine LC and assessed their functional role on Ag presentation and modulation of cutaneous immune responses. Both purified LC and the LC-like cell lines XS52-4D and XS106 expressed mRNA for the ARs α1A and β2. XS106 cells and purified LC also expressed β1-AR mRNA. Treatment of murine epidermal cell preparations with epinephrine (EPI) or norepinephrine inhibited Ag presentation in vitro. Furthermore, pretreatment of epidermal cells with EPI or norepinephrine in vitro suppressed the ability of these cells to present Ag for elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity in previously immunized mice. This effect was blocked by use of the β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI 118,551 but not by the α-antagonist phentolamine. Local intradermal injection of EPI inhibited the induction of contact hypersensitivity to epicutaneously administered haptens. Surprisingly, injection of EPI at a distant site also suppressed induction of contact hypersensitivity. Thus, catecholamines may have both local and systemic effects. We conclude that specific ARs are expressed on LC and that signaling through these receptors can decrease epidermal immune reactions.

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“…Antigen processing, presentation and recognition is apparently mediated in the epidermis by cells of mesenchymal origin (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Epidermal Langerhans cells, though small in number, may contain those binding sites for the formation of immunogenic complexes with allergens (32). If this is the case, it would explain the importance of the dose-response characteristics for chemicals which cause contact hypersensitivity reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Contact Dermatitis in Guinea Pigs by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: The Mechanism of Antigen Formation

Schallreuter¹,

Kh²,

Wood³

1986

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Eight quaternary ammonium compounds were tested for their ability to induce contact dermatitis in guinea pigs by using a modified Freund's complete adjuvant test together with the guinea pig maximization test. Only two quaternary ammonium salts of the eight tested could be designated as strong allergens. These two active substances were shown to be capable of stable association with membrane lipids in forming immunogenic complexes.This surface complexation phenomenon was confirmed by using a spin-labeled quaternary ammonium salt which competed for binding sites at the surface of epidermal cells in vivo. Electron spin resonance was used to demonstrate that stable "ion-pairs" are formed between binding sites and the two allergenic preservatives. Furthermore, information was obtained on the kinetics of immunogenic complex formation as well as on the position and orientation of the quaternary ammonium ion at the cell surface.The initial contact reaction between allergens and specific molecules in membranes which combine to form immunogenic complexes in the skin has escaped definition (1). This reaction is complicated by the large number of chemical substances which are capable of causing both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. It is clear that such delayed hypersensitivity reactions can be induced by a variety of chemical mechanisms. Reactive compounds include: those which form covalent complexes with cell surface proteins (1), metal ions which form a variety of coordination complexes with cell surface ligands (2), compounds which form hydrogen bonds with surface proteins to bring about structural alterations through conformational changes (3), and simple cations which are able to form "ion-pairs" with negatively charged binding sites. It mium, forming a large number of coordination complexes with cell surface ligands. The lack of specificity of most allergens in their reactivity with all proteins makes the search for specific immunogenic complexes formed by the initial contact interaction similar to the proverbial search for a needle in a haystack (4). Even the application of radioisotopic methods has failed thus far.The quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) as possible inducers of delayed contact hypersensitivity were chosen for three reasons: these substances are in widespread use as preservatives and disinfectants, and they are often applied to the skin directly in cosmetics and in medications; quats have a uniform structure with a single active site composed of a quaternary ammonium cation which can form ion-pairs with negatively charged groups; and the induction of allergic contact dermatitis by quats remained controversial. Some reports indicated that quats were allergens or irritants (5-16) while others were not.We present here a systematic study of the ability of a homologous series of quats to cause delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs to determine which structural features are important to this allergenicity. Taking advantage of the specificity of this reaction by using a spin-labele...

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Epidermal Langerhans cells bear Fc and C3 receptors

Cited by 512 publications

References 16 publications

Role of antigen-presenting cells in the development and persistence of contact hypersensitivity.

Role of antigen-presenting cells in the development and persistence of contact hypersensitivity.

Catecholamines Inhibit the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Epidermal Langerhans Cells

Induction of Contact Dermatitis in Guinea Pigs by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: The Mechanism of Antigen Formation

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