Solution-Gated Epitaxial Graphene as pH Sensor

Ang, Priscilla Kailian; Chen, Wei; Wee, Andrew Thye Shen; Loh, Kian Ping

doi:10.1021/ja805090z

Cited by 678 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This effect has been harvested to design the first graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), [4] which has inspired considerable experimental and theoretical work relating to the application of GFETs for high performance label-free chemical and biological sensors. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]37] 2.1. Back-gated GFETs.…”

Section: Physics Of Graphene Field-effect Transistors (Gfets): the Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Since the experimental preparation and observation of the electric field effect in graphene by the Manchester group in 2004, [4] biochemical sensing using graphene electronic devices has been actively pursued. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The sensing principle roots on a change of the electrical conductance of the graphene channel upon adsorption of a molecule on the sensor surface. [5] The uniqueness of graphene among other solid-state materials is that all carbon atoms are located on the surface, making the graphene surface potentially highly sensitive to any changes of its surrounding environment.…”

Section: Introduction: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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Section: Physics Of Graphene Field-effect Transistors (Gfets): the Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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“…Only very recently has the operation of graphene in aqueous electrolytes (Figure 6b) for use in biosensors and bioelectronics been reported by several groups. [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] For example, Ang et al 77 first demonstrated the use of solution-gated epitaxial graphene as a pH sensor. Ohno et al 78 reported on electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors for detecting pH and protein adsorption.…”

Section: Grapheneàdetection In Liquid Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

2012

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Carbon nanomaterials field-effect transistor (FET)-based electrical biosensors provide significant advantages over the current gold standards, holding great potential for realizing direct, label-free, real-time electrical detection of biomolecules in a multiplexed manner with ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The feasibility of integrating them with current complementary metal oxide semiconductor platform and a fluid handling module using standard microfabrication technology opens up new opportunities for the development of low-cost, low-noise, portable electrical biosensors for use in practical future devices. In this article, we review recent progress in the rapidly developing area of biomolecular interaction detection using FET-based biosensors based on the carbon nanomaterials single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene. Detection scenarios include DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA-protein interaction, protein function and cellular activity. In particular, we will highlight an amazing property of SWNT-or graphene-FETs in biosensing: their ability to detect biomolecules at the single-molecule level or at the single-cell level. This is due to the size comparability and the surface compatibility of the carbon nanomaterials with biological molecules. We also summarize some current challenges the scientific community is facing, including device-to-device heterogeneity and the lack of system integration for uniform device array mass production. Keywords: biosensor; carbon nanotube; field-effect transistor; graphene A biosensor is an analytical device that incorporates a biological recognition element in direct spatial contact with a transduction element. This integration ensures the rapid and convenient conversion of the biological events to detectable signals. 1 With the discovery of rich nanomaterials and the development of exquisite nanofabrication tools, such as electron beam lithography, focused ion beam and nanoimprint lithography, new avenues have been opened up in the field of biosensors in the last two decades. 2,3 In particular, researchers around the world have been tailor-making a multitude of nanomaterials-based electrical biosensors and developing new strategies to apply them in ultrasensitive biosensing. Examples of such nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, 4-13 nanowires, 11,14-21 nanoparticles, 6,22-25 nanopores, 26,27 nanoclusters 28 and graphene. 5,[29][30][31][32] Compared with conventional optical, biochemical and biophysical methods, nanomaterial-based electronic biosensing offers significant advantages, such as high sensitivity and new sensing mechanisms, high spatial resolution for localized detection, facile integration with standard wafer-scale semiconductor processing and label-free, real-time detection in a nondestructive manner.Among diverse electrical biosensing architectures, devices based on field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted great attention because they are an ideal biosensor that can directly translate the interactions between target biological mole...

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“…The unique sp 2 hybrid carbon nanostructure of GNs opens up new applications in nanoelectronics [3], biosensors [4,5], supercapacitors [6], and transistors [7]. Owing to their remarkable high electron mobility (15,000 cm 2 /V·s) [8], extremely large surface area (~2600 m 2 /g) [9], and low fabrication cost, GNs are considered as an ideal support for developing next-generation photovoltaic devices [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step, solvothermal synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites and their interesting photovoltaic properties

et al. 2010

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The synthesis of graphene-semiconductor nanocomposites has attracted increasing attention due to their interesting optoelectronic properties. However the synthesis of such nanocomposites, with decorated particles well dispersed on graphene, is still a great challenge. This work reports a facile, one-step, solvothermal method for the synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites directly from graphene oxide, with CdS and ZnS very well dispersed on the graphene nanosheets. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the integration of CdS and ZnS with graphene significantly decreases their photoluminescence. Transient photovoltage studies revealed that the graphene-CdS nanocomposite exhibits a very unexpected strong positive photovoltaic response, while separate samples of graphene and CdS quantum dots (QDs) of a similar size do not show any photovoltaic response.

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Solution-Gated Epitaxial Graphene as pH Sensor

Cited by 678 publications

References 13 publications

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Carbon nanomaterials field-effect-transistor-based biosensors

One-step, solvothermal synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites and their interesting photovoltaic properties

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