Current Progress on the Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes

Karousis, Nikolaos; Tagmatarchis, Nikos; Tasis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1021/cr100018g

Cited by 1,183 publications

(798 citation statements)

References 413 publications

(455 reference statements)

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“…High surface area is another important property of CNTs, with theoretical surface areas of SWCNTs reaching 1315 m 2 g −1 [48]. Because of the unique structures and extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, CNTs are promising for various applications [49][50][51], ranging from composite materials to electronic and energy-related devices [52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Xiao

Zou

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

156

100

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Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives. Graphical AbstractKeywords Metal-free electrocatalysis · Carbon-based catalysts · Energy conversion and storage · Environmental protection

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Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Xiao

Zou

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

156

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Significantly, in contrast to other fullerene derivatives, the resulting 2-pyrazolinefullerenes show better, or at least equivalent, electron affinity when compared to the parent C 60 and they also exhibit remarkable thermal stability. 22 Although numerous cycloaddition reactions have been explored experimentally with fullerenes 23 or carbon nanotubes, 24 and despite the fact that the covalent functionalization of graphene is a growing field of research, only the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides 14,15 has been applied to the functionalization of graphene. [25][26][27][28] The band gap and the work function (WF) of a material provide information about the electronic states on the surface of the solid and most organic electronic devices require the use of semiconducting materials in which the work function should be adjustable, thus allowing efficient charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the exfoliated graphene work function through cycloaddition of nitrile imines

Barrejón

Gómez‐Escalonilla

Fierro

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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After the feasibility of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrile imines and exfoliated graphene by density functional theory calculations was proved, very few-layer graphene was effectively functionalized using this procedure. Hydrazones with different electronic properties were used as precursors for the 1,3-dipoles, and microwave irradiation as an energy source enabled the reaction to be performed in a few minutes. The anchoring of organic addends on the graphene surface was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis.Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was used to measure the work function and band gap of these new hybrids. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to modulate these important electronic valence band parameters by tailoring the electron richness of the organic addends and/or the degree of functionalization.

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“…Reagents, such as oxidants [6], diazonium salts [7][8], carbenes [9], nitronium ions [10], lithium alkynylides [11], and azomethine ylides [12], have been successfully employed for the covalent modification of CNTs. Despite this rich functionalization chemistry [13][14][15][16][17], only a few comparative studies [11,18] on the addition chemistry to CNT have been reported so far. Motivated by this, we have evaluated the solubility and functionalization degree (FD) of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples that were subjected to different functionalization protocols through a continuous-flow approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes in Flow

Salice¹,

Rossi²,

Pace³

et al. 2014

Journal of Flow Chemistry

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The covalent chemistry of carbon nanostructures has put forth a wide variety of interesting derivatives that widen their potential as functional materials. However, the synthetic procedures that have been developed to functionalize the nanostructures may require long reaction times and harsh conditions. In this paper, we study the continuous flow processing of single-wall carbon nanotubes with azomethine ylides and diazonium salts and demonstrate that this approach is effective to reduce reaction times and tune the properties of the functionalized carbon materials.

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Current Progress on the Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 1,183 publications

References 413 publications

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

Modulation of the exfoliated graphene work function through cycloaddition of nitrile imines

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes in Flow

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