An Introduction to Animal Behaviour

Manning, Aubrey; Dawkins, Marian Stamp

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139030304

Cited by 102 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…An ethogram is a catalog or inventory of behaviors or actions exhibited by an animal (Manning and Dawkins, 2012). Ethograms are often hierarchical and have functional inferences.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dynamic Body Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal communication is commonly defined as the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (the sender or senders) to another one or more animals (the receiver or receivers) that alters the current or future behavioral states of the receivers (Manning and Dawkins, 2012;Stegmann, 2013). When the information from the sender changes the behavior of a receiver, the information can be considered to be a "signal" (Witzany, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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Cephalopods use a diverse range of body patterns for visual communication. Each pattern is composed of several distinct chromatic components that are under neural control and are expressed dynamically. In the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana, males use distinct body patterns to interact with females and other males at the spawning site. To systematically examine their visual signals during reproductive behavior, an ethogram of 27 body pattern components produced by S. lessoniana was observed in both the wild and captivity; these were then characterized. Five behaviors were commonly seen among these reproductively active squids, namely parallel swimming, male guarding, male-male fighting, male-parallel mating, and male-upturn mating. Each behavior was found to be composed of the expression in a temporal sequence of different chromatic components. By analyzing the dynamic body patterning time series associated with each behavior, it was found that a certain subset of components was expressed simultaneously or sequentially in response to conspecifics. Importantly, the results not only revealed that each behavior is composed of multiple chromatic components, but the findings also showed that each component is often associated with multiple behaviors. To gain insight into the visual communication associated with each behavior in terms of the body patterning's key components, the co-expression frequencies of two or more components at any moment in time were calculated in order to assess uniqueness when distinguishing one behavior from another. This approach identified the minimum set of key components that, when expressed together, represents an unequivocal visual communication signal. While the interpretation of the signal and the associated response of the receiver during visual communication are difficult to determine, the concept of the component assembly is similar to a typical language within which individual words often have multiple meanings, but when they appeared together with other words, the message becomes unequivocal. The present study thus demonstrates that dynamic body pattering, by expressing unique sets of key components acutely, is an efficient way of communicating behavioral information between oval squids.

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“…An ethogram is a catalog or inventory of behaviors or actions exhibited by an animal (Manning and Dawkins, 2012). Ethograms are often hierarchical and have functional inferences.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dynamic Body Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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“…However, genetic approach using specific crosses has brought novel information on the transmission of such traits in other species (Leroy, 1964;Manning and Dawkins, 1998;Boujard et al, 2007;Gironi Carnevale et al, 2007;Roy et al, 2007). Mule duck, an interspecific hybrid between a Muscovy drake and a Pekin duck, is reported to express man avoidance in rearing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological fear responses in ducks: genetic cross effects

Arnaud

Mignon-Grasteau²,

Larzul³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Mule duck, a cross between a Muscovy drake and a Pekin female, is reported by the farmers to frequently express fear behaviours, such as man avoidance. The genetic basis of fear responses in mule ducks was therefore investigated in this study. According to a previous experiment, the dominant effect of Pekin genotype was hypothesised; however, due to the absence of birds from the reciprocal cross, a superiority of the Pekin in additive effect could not be distinguished from a direct maternal additive effect. In order to clarify this, ducks from the mule genotype, the two parental genotypes (Pekin and Muscovy) and the reciprocal intercross (hinny) underwent a set of physiological and individual behavioural tests of fear. Both parental genotypes were highly fearful but exhibited responses of different patterns: Pekin ducks manifested a higher locomotor activity, whereas the Muscovy ducks showed a higher avoidance to man. Hybrids expressed higher panic responses and specific fear of man than the two parent breeds. Both hybrids expressed similar patterns and the maternal effects were not significant. Significant heterosis effects were found for most of the behavioural responses, in agreement with the fact that higher fear responses were expressed by the hybrids compared to the parental genotypes. A significant heterosis effect was also found for basal adrenal activity; hybrids having higher basal level than parental genotypes. Maximum capacity of adrenal response appeared to be determined by direct additive effects with a superiority of the Pekin genotype.

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“…Researchers from many disciplines have studied dominance and aggression in animals, often in the hope that it will aid the understanding of such behaviour patterns in human societies (Manning and Dawkins 1992). However, the consequences of social dominance appear lower for the horse than in some other species for example, the wolf, and arguably humans as well.…”

Section: The Horse-human Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse

Goodwin

1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryDomestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy for the benefit of another species conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and humans and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific co-operation.However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse.

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An Introduction to Animal Behaviour

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

Behavioural and physiological fear responses in ducks: genetic cross effects

The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse

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